CardioVascular Diseases #1 Disease Group in the United States

The 6 Basic CVD s  Athero/Arteriosclerosis  Hypertension  Heart Attack  Stroke  Congestive Heart Failure  Congenital Heart Disease

The CardioVascular System  Heart  SA Node = Sinus Rhythm  Coronary Artery (Aorta Feed)  Arteries  Aorta, Coronary, Carotid Veins Veins  Brain (in the Arteries/Veins)

The CardioVascular System  What is a Risk Factor ?  An attribute or characteristic that a person has, or is exposed to that increases the likelihood of developing a disease.

The CardioVascular System  CVD Risk Factors … Controllable?  Smoking (Tobacco; Marijuana)  Diet: Excess Cholesterol, Triglycerides  Sedentary Life Style (Lack of Exercise)  Stress  *Low HDL

The CardioVascular System  CVD Risk Factors … Uncontrollable ?  Family History/Heredity  Age  Gender  Race/Culture

The CardioVascular System  CVD “Contributory” Risk Factors  Diabetes  Obesity  Kidney Disease  Hypertension* (The Presence of 1 CVD often presages & accompanies the onset of a 2 nd or 3 rd type of CVD!)  Female Menopause : When estrogen decreases, cholesterol increases, and CVD increases.

The 6 Basic CVD s  Athero/Arteriosclerosis (1)  Thickening, hardening of the walls of the Arteries or Veins  Clotting formation in artery … from excess cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, fatty substances, & blood waste products  Debris Sticking due to Injury to the Artery Wall from High BP, excess cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking (sticky platelets), diabetes (high blood glucose), free radicals, herpes, chlamydia …

The 6 Basic CVD s  The Cholesterol Clog  The Good: HDL  HDL Norm: >35  The BAD: Excess Total, LDL  Makes sludgy, slow, thick blood  Total Chol. Norm: <200  LDL Norm = <130  The Ugly: Excess Triglycerides  Fat in the blood  Trigly. Norm = <160  A Critical Ratio: Total Cholesterol/HDL = X:Y

The 6 Basic CVD s  Hypertension (2)  The “Silent Killer”  Elevated Blood Pressure  Standard Normal BP = 120/80  Mild Hypertension BP = 140/90  A person can have “systolic” hypertension, or “diastolic” hypertension

The 6 Basic CVD s  Heart ATTACK (3)  MI=Myocardial Infarction  “Coronary” It’s in the arteries that feed the Heart.  Arrhythmia/Irregular HR  V-Fib; Tachy; Brady  Angina  “Crushing, Radiating Chest Pain”  Ischemia  Decreased blood flow in the Heart Tissue = Death of Heart Tissue

The 6 Basic CVD s  Stroke (4) “Cerbreovascular Accident” “Cerbreovascular Accident”  It’s in the Brain arteries/veins  Ischemia (TIA: diminished blood flow)  Thrombus (clot formed in artery)  Embolus (floating, wandering clot)  Aneurysm (bulge in artery wall)  Hemorrhage (burst blood vessel) from Embolus or Athero/Arteriosclerosis

The 6 Basic CVD s  Congenital Heart Disease (5)  Heart Valve/Septum Deviations  Murmurs  Rheumatic Heart Disease  Streptococcal Infection in baby  Rubella Syndrome = German Measles in Mother during 1 st trimester.  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome  Fetal Drug Syndrome, e.g. cocaine

The 6 Basic CVD s  Congestive Heart Failure (6)  Damaged & weakened heart muscle tissue, usually in 1 chamber  Low heart pump  Left Ventricle CHF = Critical  A “drowning heart”

Major HA Symptoms in Men  Increased HR; Palpitations  Dizzy/Faint (decreased brain blood flow)  Short of Breath  Sweating  Nausea; Indigestion  Fatigue: “Drained”  Angina; Ischemia: Back * Chest

Major HA Symptoms in Women  Unusual Fatigue (70%)  Sleep Disturbance (48%)  Shortness of Breath (42%)  Indigestion (39%)

Symptoms of Stroke  Dizziness  Numbness  Paralysis on 1 side or ½ of body  Drooping on 1 side of face  Slurred Speech  Difficulty Understanding Speech  Muscle Weakness; Loss of Motor Control  Severe Headaches  Memory Problems  Nausea & Vomiting

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