Poetry Reading Strategies When you read, pay close attention to the punctuation. This will tell you when to pause. Do not pause at the end of a line. Look for subject, verbs, and the complements to help the understanding. Be alert for comparisons. Read it aloud—several times.

Two types of poems Prose Poetry A compact and rhythmic composition written in the form of a prose paragraph. Catalogue Poem Built on a list of images. Separate addressing technique: Dramatic Monologue. This occurs in a poem when a speaker speaks to one or more listeners. The reactions of the listener must be inferred by the reader.

Other poetry terms and techniques Punning: word with two different meaning. Words that sound the same but are spelled differently. Homographs: Words that have the same spelling with different, unrelated meanings. Tone: writer’s attitude in the poem. Speaker: narrator; voice talking in the poem. Cliché: overused worn-out expression or phrase.

Rhythm and Meter in Poetry Feeling the Beat

A gentleman dining at Crewe Found quite a large mouse in his stew. Said the waiter, “Don’t shout, And wave it about, Or the rest will be wanting one too!” Anonymous Can you hear the rhythm in these lines?

What Is Rhythm? Rhythm is a musical quality in language produced by repetition. Poets can create rhythm by repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables repeating words, phrases, lines, or sentences using rhymes or repetitions of sounds using pauses varying line lengths

What Is Meter? Meter is a generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry.  Scanning is analyzing the poem for meter. To indicate the metrical pattern of a poem, mark unstressed syllables with the symbol ( ) stressed syllables with the symbol ( ) The couple sat in silence, watching the lightning dance across the sky.

Units of Meter Meter is measured in units called feet. A foot usually consists of one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables. The feet in a poem are divided by vertical lines. “The vil lage smith y stands; The smith, a might y man is he, With large and sin ewy hands;” from “The Village Blacksmith” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Examples of Metrical Feet iamb—unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (da DAH) trochee—stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable (DAH da) “His hair is crisp, and black, and long, ” from “The Village Blacksmith” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow “Week in, week out, from morn till night,” from “The Village Blacksmith” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Blank Verse: Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter (5 iambs in one line). Sonnet: A 14 line lyric poem, usually in iambic pentameter. Lyric poem- Poetry that expresses a speaker’s emotions or thoughts and does not tell a story.

Examples of Metrical Feet spondee—two stressed syllables (DAH DAH) anapest—two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable (da da DAH) “Thanks, thanks to thee, my wor thy friend,” from “The Village Blacksmith” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow “And the mus cles of his brawny arms” from “The Village Blacksmith” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Examples of Metrical Feet dactyl—one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables (DAH da da) “Singing in Para dise” from “The Village Blacksmith” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Free Verse Not all poetry follows a methodical rhythm. Free verse is poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme. Poems written in free verse may sound like ordinary speech have a loose kind of rhythm “Let us write of olden, golden days and hunters of the Holy Grail and men called ‘knights’ riding horses in the rain, in the cold frozen rain for ladies they loved.” from “Horses and Men in Rain” by Carl Sandburg

Match the terms with their definitions. _____________— musical quality in language produced by repetition _____________— poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme _____________— generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables Free verseMeterRhythm What Have You Learned? Rhythm Meter Free verse

Sound Effects in Poetry Sound Appeals

What Sound Effects Do Poets Use? Some of the sound effects poets may use are rhyme alliteration onomatopoeia

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. from “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?” by William Shakespeare What Is Rhyme? Rhyme is the repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together in a poem. The pattern of rhymed lines in a poem is called its rhyme scheme. To indicate rhyme scheme, give each new end rhyme a new letter of the alphabet. a b a b

Why Do Poets Use Rhyme? Poets use rhyme because it enhances the music of a poem with chiming sounds gives readers a sense of expectation gives a poem structure and makes it easier to memorize

Types of Rhyme There are several types of rhyme. end rhyme internal rhyme approximate rhyme Hint: Assonance—repetition of vowel sounds in the middle of words.

End Rhyme End rhyme occurs at the end of lines in a poem. End rhymes are usually spaced one to four lines apart. Here, in the summer, at a broken pane, The yellow wasps come in, and buzz and build Among the rafters; wind and snow and rain All enter, as the seasons are fulfilled. from “In a Garret” by Elizabeth Akers Allen

Internal Rhyme Internal rhyme occurs within a line of a poem. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,— While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. from “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe

Approximate Rhyme Approximate rhyme occurs when two words sound similar but do not rhyme exactly. Approximate rhymes are also called half rhymes, slant rhymes, or imperfect rhymes. And now the lowest pine-branch Is drawn across the disk of the sun. Old friends who will forget me soon, I must go on Towards those blue death mountains I have forgot so long. from “The Blue Symphony” by John Gould Fletcher

What Is Alliteration? Alliteration is the repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together. Most alliteration consists of sounds that begin words, but it may also involve sounds that occur within words. The buzz-saw snarled and rattled in the yard And made dust and dropped stove-length sticks of wood, Sweet-scented stuff when the breeze drew across it. from “Out, Out—” by Robert Frost

What Is Onomatopoeia? Onomatopoeia is the use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning. Onomatopoeia may imitate natural sounds or mechanical sounds. I am a copper wire slung in the air, Slim against the sun I make not even a clear line of shadow. Night and day I keep singing—humming and thrumming: from “Under a Telephone Pole” by Carl Sandburg

Match each word with its definition. ______________—pattern of rhymed lines in a poem ______________—use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning ______________—repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them ______________—repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together RhymeRhyme schemeAlliterationOnomatopoeia What Have You Learned? Alliteration Rhyme Rhyme scheme Onomatopoeia