Factors affecting climate

The tilting and rotating of the Earth on its own axis The revolution of Earth around the Sun The more concentrated the sunlight, the warmer is the area on the Earth.

Factors affecting climate warm Warm air expands and rises Air cools and sink wind cool Air cycle around the globe

Greenhouse Effect Atmosphere: Air layers around the Earth Heat sink: something that can absorb heat and store heat

Greenhouse Effect Atmosphere: Air layers around the Earth Heat sink: something that can absorb heat and store heat 1. Solar energy enters Earth’s atmosphere. 2. Earth’s surface absorbs solar energy and radiates (gives off) some of this energy as heat. 3. Certain gases in the atmosphere absorb heat radiated from Earth’s surface 4. Gases radiate the heat they absorb, heating the atmosphere and warming the Earth.

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour 2. CO 2 3. CH 4 (methane) 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour 2. CO 2 3. CH 4 (methane) 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour water evaporation given off as sweat or through respiration by living organisms 2. CO 2 3. CH 4 (methane) 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour water evaporation given off as sweat or through respiration by living organisms most abundant account for 70% of greenhouse effect higher temperature means a lot of it in the atmosphere 2. CO 2 3. CH 4 (methane) 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour water evaporation given off as sweat or through respiration by living organisms most abundant account for 70% of greenhouse effect higher temperature means a lot of it in the atmosphere 2. CO 2 3. CH 4 (methane) 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour water evaporation given off as sweat or through respiration by living organisms most abundant account for 70% of greenhouse effect higher temperature means a lot of it in the atmosphere 2. CO 2 animals exhales volcanoes, forest fires, decaying organism, release from oceans 2 nd abundant 3. CH 4 (methane) 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour water evaporation given off as sweat or through respiration by living organisms most abundant account for 70% of greenhouse effect higher temperature means a lot of it in the atmosphere 2. CO 2 animals exhales volcanoes, forest fires, decaying organism, release from oceans 2 nd abundant 3. CH 4 (methane) 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour water evaporation given off as sweat or through respiration by living organisms most abundant account for 70% of greenhouse effect higher temperature means a lot of it in the atmosphere 2. CO 2 animals exhales volcanoes, forest fires, decaying organism, release from oceans 2 nd abundant 3. CH 4 (methane) melting permafrost certain bacteria that live in the guts of cows & termites vents and other openings in Earth’s crust by-product of certain types of cellular process 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour water evaporation given off as sweat or through respiration by living organisms most abundant account for 70% of greenhouse effect higher temperature means a lot of it in the atmosphere 2. CO 2 animals exhales volcanoes, forest fires, decaying organism, release from oceans 2 nd abundant 3. CH 4 (methane) melting permafrost certain bacteria that live in the guts of cows & termites vents and other openings in Earth’s crust by-product of certain types of cellular process 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide)

Natural Greenhouse Gases Type of Greenhouse GasCommon SourcesOther Details 1.Water vapour water evaporation given off as sweat or through respiration by living organisms most abundant account for 70% of greenhouse effect higher temperature means a lot of it in the atmosphere 2. CO 2 animals exhales volcanoes, forest fires, decaying organism, release from oceans 2 nd abundant 3. CH 4 (methane) melting permafrost certain bacteria that live in the guts of cows & termites vents and other openings in Earth’s crust by-product of certain types of cellular process 4. NO 2 (nitrous oxide) bacteria that live in oceans, wet/warm soils like in the tropics produce when bacteria break down N-source for food

Human activities time-line Hunting & gathering Farming ancient modern Animal breeding Greenhouse gas emission level graph natural rice bacteria construction, manufacturing, fertilizers, etc… Industrial revolution A n t h r o p o g e n i c g r e e n h o u s e e f f e c t

Anthropogenic greenhouse effect Greenhouse GasesTypes of Human Activity CO 2 (carbon dioxide) burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas)  for industrial processes  for generating electricity, heating homes  for powering vehicles deforestation (removal and burning of woods)  less trees available to take up CO 2

Anthropogenic greenhouse effect Greenhouse GasesTypes of Human Activity CO 2 (carbon dioxide) burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas)  for industrial processes  for generating electricity, heating homes  for powering vehicles deforestation (removal and burning of woods)  less trees available to take up CO 2 CH 4 (methane) farming increases the methane producing bacteria  cows, goats and sheeps have bacteria that release CH 4 to digest their food growing rice  rice grown in flooded fields, plants under water decompose and this releases CH 4 decomposing garbage in landfills extracting fossil fuels

Anthropogenic greenhouse effect Greenhouse GasesTypes of Human Activity NO x (nitrous oxide) farming of crops and livestocks (bacteria) use of fertilizers vehicle exhaust

Anthropogenic greenhouse effect Greenhouse GasesTypes of Human Activity NO x (nitrous oxide) farming of crops and livestocks (bacteria) use of fertilizers vehicle exhaust CFCs (halocarbons) GHGs produce solely by humans they are industrial chemical compounds  used as solvent  coolants in refrigerators they were banned recently because of the damage they cause to the atmosphere’s ozone layer Potency:  CO 2 is most abundant but has the least damage of the 4 types  CH 4 absorbs 25 times more heat than CO 2  NO x absorbs 300 times more heat than CO 2  CFCs absorbs times more heat than CO 2

The results of excess GHG build-up 1.The atmosphere builds up thicker layer of greenhouse gases 2. This traps more heat inside our atmosphere Anthropogenic greenhouse effect

The results of excess GHG build-up 1.The atmosphere builds up thicker layer of greenhouse gases 2. Which will trap more heat inside our atmosphere 3. This extra heat results in Global Warming!

The results of excess GHG build-up 1.The atmosphere builds up thicker layer of greenhouse gases 2. Which will trap more heat inside our atmosphere 3. This extra heat results in Global Warming!

Canada’s contribution to GHG in the atmosphere