Post WW1 Treaties

Treaty of St. Germain Purpose: To deal with the Austr0-Hungarian Empire Events overtook the treaty process. Austria and Hungary became 2 States. Anschluss with Germany forbidden. Austria is limited militarily and has to pay reparations. Czechoslovakia – Bohemia and Morovia Yugoslavia – Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina Poland – Galicia Italy – South Tyrol, Trentino and Istria Consequences: Austria is reduced to bankruptcy and its affairs are taken over by League of Nations.

The Treaty of Trianon (1920) Directed at Hungary. Lost 75% of territory and 66% of population. Slovakia and Ruthenia to Czechoslovakia Croatia and Slovenia to Yugoslavia Transylvania to Romania Reparations Hungary was not happy – loss of territory and 3 million Magyars under foreign rule.

Treaty of Neuilly (1919) Bulgaria Lost territory to Greece and Yugoslavia Lost access to mediterranean. Received territory from Turkey. Other territory ceded to Greece and Italy Reaction Young Turks rejected the treaty. War with Greece Renegotiation at Treaty of Lausanne

Treaty of Lausanne (1923) Turkey regained territory and islands in Med. Turkish sovereignty over the Straits recognised. Foreign troops withdrawn. No reparations.

Treaty of Sevres (1920) Ottoman Empire The Mandate system France – Syria GB – Palestine, iraq, Transjordan and Cyprus

Criticisms Political Principle of Self Determination Bitterness and resentment over new borders. (9 new States) Weak and ineffective governments were unstable. Many States, not just Germany wanted to revise the treaties.

Criticisms and Consequences Economic Europe had been economically traumatised by the war. Currencies became weak and open to inflation. Hit the Middle class the hardest. Central and Eastern Europe entered into trade wars – high tariffs. Only US and Japan benefitted from the war.

Criticisms and Consequences Social Breakdown of the social order. End to the aristocracy in many nations. Middle Class – suffered due to loss of savings. Working Class – advances due to trade unionism. Government policy – Homes fir for heroes. Housing Act of 1919 Unemployment Insurance Act 1920 and 1921

Women Social – changes in fashion and social mores Professional opportunities – law, medicine etc Suffrage