11/6 Do Now: On a scale of 1 to 5 (with 1 being the best), how well do you think you did on the Africa test? Aim: How did African nations gain independence from European nations in the mid-1900s? Objectives: You will be able to… Define Pan-Africanism and nationalism Explain why nationalism and calls for independence rose in the mid-1900s Explain how African nations became independent Agenda:5.1 Questions Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 5 Section 2

Independence Movements in Africa

Political Status of African Nations

11/13 Do Now: Chapter 5 Section 2 Open Notes Reading Quiz Aim: What political and economic issues has Africa dealt with post- independence? Objectives: You will be able to… Explain the long-lasting effects of colonialism on Africa Explain why Africa has experienced a lot of political instability and conflict Evaluate African economic progress Agenda:5.1 and 5.2 Review/Update “Africa’s Rising Stars” Homework: African Current Event due Tuesday, Modern Africa Test Friday

Winning Independence and Steps Towards Development Ch. 5 Sec. 1 and Ch. 5 Sec. 2

African Nationalism Nationalism took root in African nations in early 1900s – Initially used to create unity among different ethnic groups forced into a colony together – Later grew with Pan- Africanism and the negritude movement – Eventually inspired independence movements

African Independence Movements Most African nations became independent btwn because – WWII weakened Europe and its desire to maintain colonies – US and Soviet Union aided independence movts. as part of Cold War Became independent through peaceful and violent means

Colonial Legacy Many African nations struggled politically and economically after independence because colonialism created – Underdeveloped economies – A lack of experienced leaders – Ethnic tensions AFRICA

Problems with Building Governments Civil war developed in many places because of ethnic and regional rivalries – Congo, Ethiopia, Somalia, Rwanda, Uganda, Algeria, Sudan, Angola, etc. One-party rule developed to prevent disunity Military rule developed in opposition to corrupt civilian govts.

Political Stability and Progress – Conflicts today in – Sudan – Burundi – Somalia – Nigeria – Dem. Rep. of Congo – Central African Republic But African nations are slowly moving toward political stability and democracy

African Economies Post-Independence Under colonialism, African economies were controlled by Europeans and mostly based on subsistence farming, growing of cash crops and mining Economic Goals Post-Independence: – Reduce economic dependence – Develop industry and manufacturing – Modernize infrastructure – Improve agricultural output

Economic Development Methods of Economic Development: – Socialism – Mixed economic structures – Reliance on multinational organizations – Borrowing money Some success in modernization Africa has many of the fastest growing economies today

Africa’s Economic Growth Today Africa is one of the most underdeveloped regions of the world but is experiencing great economic growth GPD Growth Rate

Why Most of Africa is Underdeveloped Colonial economic legacy Political instability Corruption High debt Misuse of aid and wealth from natural resources Rapid population growth and urbanization

Economic Problems Today Poor infrastructure Poor health care Food insecurity Hunger and malnourishment High poverty Desertification and drought

Exit Slip Explain one way Africa’s economy has improved since independence Describe two economic problems that some African nations are still dealing with today

11/13 Do Now: What is AIDS? Aim: How does AIDS affect Africa? Objectives: You will be able to… Explain what AIDS is and why it is so prevalent in Africa Examine the impact of AIDS on Africa Agenda:AIDS in Africa Activity Homework: African Current Event, Test Wed.

What is AIDS? Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Caused by HIV virus; advanced state of HIV = AIDS Causes tumors and makes people more likely to get infections Spread through contact with blood and through sex Has no cure but can be treated with antiretroviral drugs Has killed 39 million since its outbreak in 1980, 35 million living with HIV or AIDS today 1.6 million died of AIDS-related illnesses in 2012, 2.1 million new infections developed in 2013

Decreasing AIDS Diagnoses and Deaths

HIV Prevalence (2008)

What causes AIDS to spread so much in Sub-Saharan Africa? Multiple sexual relationships at same time Low condom use Poor education systems Lack of STD testing Fear of being labeled as someone with AIDS

Impact of AIDS on Africa Jigsaw- A Health Sector HouseholdsChildrenEducationEconomyLife Expectancy AMacaylaJasmineDeweyStephenAndrewPhelan BDeonteJoe CroninArmaniMaddieJayLeah CWillOliverSpencerJoe Canova AmaliaIan

Impact of AIDS on Africa Jigsaw- G Health Sector HouseholdsChildrenEducationEconomyLife Expectancy ALukeKhaylaOlivia C.ErikGabeAlex BSeanCamMelissaNatalieKevinTaylor CJeanKyleZachSaraHayleyNathan

Impact of AIDS on Africa Jigsaw- D Health Sector HouseholdsChildrenEducationEconomyLife Expectancy AGregIanLeahDylanEricJulia BSamBenKyle KlissKyle Kr.BrittneyMarina CKatieWhitneyJulieLexxiJeffTrevon DArrickDavidJoey

How can the impact of AIDS in Africa be decreased?

Case Study: Rwanda (1994) Pre-imperialism: 2 tribes – Ruling tribe (minority): Tutsi – Majority: Hutu Belgian Imperialism: – Granted more rights to Tutsi elite – Required ID badges for each tribes – Appointed Tutsis to positions of leadership Post-imperialism: – Hutu resentment of Tutsi mistreatment – Hutu president of Rwanda killed in plane crash – Hutu military group (Interhamwe) attacked Tutsi citizens – Approx. 1 million Tutsis died in 100 days