20s, Depression, and New Deal Review

Elections 1900 Rematch of 1896 William McKinley (R) defeats William Jennings Bryan Economic prosperity and Spanish-American War fuel win Theodore Roosevelt becomes president on Sept. 14, 1901 after McKinley dies from an assassination 1904 Theodore Roosevelt defeats Alton B. Parker TR wins based on strength of Square Deal policies and Panama Canal

Elections 1908 William Howard Taft (R) defeats William Jennings Bryan Taft – former governor of Philippines, popular policies help turn him into presidential candidate New State: Oklahoma Biggest loss of Bryan’s three attempts at the presidency 1912 Woodrow Wilson (D) defeats Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive/Bull Moose) and William Howard Taft (R) TR splits Republican party votes after nomination goes to Taft Last election where neither a Democrat or Republican took second New States: Arizona and New Mexico Issues: Socialist movement, 16 th amendment (income tax)

Elections 1916 Woodrow Wilson (D) defeats Charles E. Hughes Wilson wins with slogan “He kept us out of war” Hughes was the Supreme Court Chief Justice Issues: World War I, Mexican leadership and Pancho Villa 1920 Warren G. Harding (R) defeats James M. Cox Major strikes and economy starts to go down, leading to Harding’s win Harding calls for “normalcy” First election women vote in Harding dies in 1923, Calvin Coolidge becomes president Issues: League of Nations, Prohibition, Women’s Rights

Elections 1924 Calvin Coolidge (R) defeats John W. Davis (D) and Robert M. LaFollette (Progressive) Davis’ nomination splits Democrats, many go to Progressives Issues: Teapot Dome Scandal 1928 Herbert Hoover defeats Alfred E. Smith Too many suspicions about Smith (anti-prohibition, political corruption) and booming economy lead to Hoover win Last Republican to win until 1952/1968 Eisenhower had offers from both parties in 1952 and was not a super staunch Republican Nixon is next true red Republican to win presidency in 1968

Elections 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) defeats Herbert Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) defeats Alfred M. Landon Most lopsided victory in electoral votes 20 th amendment passed – moves inauguration from March 4 th to January 20 th 1940 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) defeats Wendell L. Willkie Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) defeats Thomas E. Dewey FDR dies on April 12, 1945 – Harry S. Truman becomes President Issues – Great Depression, World War II

Twenties Reading Guide Review 1920s saw four changes that proved life would not be “normal”. What were they? What does it mean to belong to the national consumer community? Which political party dominated the 1920s? How did Andrew Mellon and other Republicans believe the government should be run? What did Calvin Coolidge believe in? What was Coolidge’s famous aphorism? What did the US emerge from World War I as? Did the US owe the world more money or did the world owe the US more money?

What does this mean? US economy was booming or growing a fast rate Republicans favored “trickle down” effect More money made by business leads to rise in wages which means people spend more money which leads to more businesses and jobs US has a greater part on world stage US begins to invest in other countries (Dawes Plan) and more countries invest in US businesses Imperialism and Diplomacy work – US now has a say in world affairs, a seat at the “big boy” table

Great Depression Review What is generally used to gauge the prosperity or decline of American businesses? What is buying on installment? How many Americans lived on less than $2,500 a year, or the standard of living? How did the boll weevil and surplus affect agriculture? What was the Hawley-Smoot tariff and how did it affect global trade? What was the Dust Bowl? What were Black Blizzards? How high was unemployment?

What does this mean? Economic prosperity of the 1920s was a false indicator of the country’s health as a whole The US and rest of the world became strained in tensions due to a lack of money and bad US policies General feeling was bad and things couldn’t be fixed Depression was not one cause but many happening at once and affecting everyone in some way Crash Course on Great Depression:

New Deal Review What four ideas did FDR institute into New Deal programs? What were fireside chats? What did banks have to do to reopen? What was the New Deal?

New Deal Restoring Faith Beyond the economic impact, the biggest difficulty during the Depression was the loss of faith in the government Fireside chats were key to creating a relationship between the President and citizens “New” Deal implies America was under a bad deal before and needed reform FDR first targeted the banks but not everyone responded well People hid money in their homes, mattresses, etc. New bank regulations led to the widespread branches and a more national banking system, much like the consumer community

New Deal Programs Three things the CCC put young men to work on? AAA – what is a price floor? Principle of subsidy? Why did some think the TVA was socialist? NIRA – who was supposed to pass laws? Who controlled the laws? FDIC – what does it do? SEC – what does it do?

New Deal Programs What three things did the Second New Deal focus on? Social Security Act: How is it funded? What age can someone access the account? What two groups were excluded? What principle was established by the SSA?

New Deal Programs One of the most difficult things was to make all the programs work together Many feared the government was taking too much control in trying to fix the problem Some programs were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court FDR fought Congress, the Court, and his political rivals The success of the New Deal has placed FDR as one of the greatest presidents of all-time

New Deal Programs Hip Hughes History Take notes on build up, implementation, and reaction to New Deal Review and short quiz next class