Technical Assessment of Potential Renewable Energy Resources For Oil Palm Mechanization Operation M. Azwan M. Bakri, Norman Kamaruddin, Abd Rahim Shuib, Norasikin A. Ludin

Contents Objective Introduction Issues Benchmark Possible Transition to RET Work Progress Conclusion

Objective To update status on research of green technology application for OP Mechanization To share knowledge on potential of Battery Powered Electric Vehicle charge via Solar PV for oil palm cultivation process. As research in progress, data is required to be validated, thus financial aspects is not emphasize for this session.

Introduction Contributed more than RM 80 bill in export earning Industry Contribution 4tn largest contributor to the national economic. 20% of global oil and fats output 14% of area in Malaysia or 2% or global oilseeds area

Oil Palm Cultivation Process Sustainability Labour issues

Field Mechanization Reduce labor dependence cost production Increase Productivity Hasten plantation activities Lighten heavy jobs

Sustainability - GHG Emission 200 mill L / yr 60% land area 58 L/ha/yr to 70 L/ha/yr GHG Emission =180 kg CO2-eq/ha/yr to 404 kg CO2-eq/ha/yr based on a CPO yield range of 3.2 t/ha/yr to 4 t/ha/yr

Target

Benchmark – fleet vs ha > 1000 ha < 1000 ha

Mechanization in not only a machine – Energy benchmark Different companies, different policies and no benchmark on energy utilization could be made from commercial data. Mechanization in not only a machine – Is a ‘A working system’

Energy benchmark - literature Available Machines Estimate Fuel Usage Estimate Fuel Consumption (L / ha) Estimate Fuel Consumption (L/ yr) GHG Emission Equivalent (kg CO2-eq) Motorized cutter 1.2 L per day 0.1 1,080,000 777,600 Small machineries - e.g. Mechanical buffalo, compact transporter, beluga, rhyno, otowey 1 - 4 L per day 0.3 Tractor grabber with 5 tons trailer 2 L per hour 0.9 3,240,000 2,332,800 Prime mover with 30 tons trailer 2 L per ton of CPO 8 288,000,000 207,360,000

Transition to RET No Renewable Energy Technology NOTES 1 Biodiesel Technical and economic viable. Require subsidy – business as usual 2 Bio – CNG from POME Logistic problem 3 Hydrogen Vehicle Technology is still expensive 4 Second Generation Biomass / Biofuel (FT Diesel) Still under R&D 5 Electric vehicle charged via RE sources Technology is improving and accepted.

Bio-CNG / Biomethane From analysis: A 60 TPH Palm Oil Mill could generate more than 500 m3 hr-1 biomethane and could reduce up to 5000 L diesel monthly.

Electric Vehichle Efficiency is more than 40% as compare to ICE 20%. BPEV Efficiency is more than 40% as compare to ICE 20%.

Electric Vehichle in MPOB Keratong Off road EV 48 V DC Motor 8 – 6 V 170Ah Batteries Curtis Controller 80-100 km driving range for full charge Max Load 500kg Cost - RM 30,000.00

EV Testing

Load test

Load test - Energy

Load test - RM

Improvement – POWER SPRAYER 6V electric motor pump 200 L water container Controller and nozzle

Improvement – EV Solar Charging Station

Case Study – In Europe Diesel requirement 6300 L / yr for 50 ha For 10KWp PV array that gives 14,000 – 17,000 kwh Diesel saving 4000 L / yr 3.2 – 3.7 tons CO2/yr

Conclusion Application of renewable energy in OP cultivation process will increase corporate positioning. Adjustment of working system is required in order to apply for clean energy technology. EV could perform in light duty and many other benefit could be explored. Further research is required to reduce range anxiety for BPEV.

Future Work Qin Qout Qlost Energy Ratio = Crop Yield (kg ha-1) ME = ELG TCa G = weight of machine (kg), E = Production energy of machine (MJ kg-1 yr-1) L = Useful life of machine (yr) T = Economic life of machine (yr) Ca = effective field capacity (ha h-1) Crop Yield (kg ha-1) Energy Productivity = Energy Input (MJ ha-1) Qin Qout Qlost Machinery Fuel Consumption Human labor Crop Yields Energy Output (MJ ha-1) Energy Input (MJ ha-1) Energy Ratio = Specific Energy = Energy Input (MJ ha-1) (kg ha-1) Crop Yield

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