Conflict with Native Americans

1) Exploration and settlement led to the conquest of Native American lands and contagious European diseases killed 90% of all Native Americans

Conflict with Native Americans 2) The English and the Spanish fought the most with Native Americans because they immigrated in large numbers into Native American lands

Conflict with Native Americans EX - A) The English = The American colonies B) The Spanish = The Caribbean, Central America, & South America

Trade with Native Americans 1) French exploration of Canada and the Mississippi river region did not lead to large scale immigration or settlement 2) The French established trading posts and mostly cooperated and traded with Native Americans

The Lure of Immigrants to the Colonies

13 Colonies

THE FIRST 13 COLONIES The first 13 colonies can be divided into three groups New England Middle Southern

A) The New England Colonies

B) The Middle Colonies

C) The Southern Colonies

THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES 1) New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

New England Settle by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe Bonded by their Mayflower Compact, 1620, they practice self-government in Massachusetts

New England Town meeting had a kind of free speech (through direct democracy), but you had to be Male, own land, and be a church member Intolerant of the not sharing their religious beliefs

Economic Characteristics 1) The New England colonies developed an economy based on ship-building, fishing, lumbering, small scale farming, and eventually, industrial manufacturing (factories)

Economic Characteristics 2) The New England colonies prospered which reflected the Puritans’ strong cultural and religious beliefs in the values of hard work and thrift

Social Characteristics 1) New England’s colonial society and government was based on religious standing (the religious leaders were also the political leaders)

Social Characteristics 2) The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged their belief in the connection between religion and government

Social Characteristics 3) The colony of Rhode Island was founded by dissenters running away from persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts

B) The Middle Colonies 1) New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

Economic Characteristics 1) The Middle colonies developed economies based on ship building, small-scale farming, and trading

Economic Characteristics 2) Cities in this region such as New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore began to grow as seaports and commercial centers

Social Characteristics 1)The Middle Colonies were diverse because they were home to many different religions EX - Quakers in Pennsylvania EX - Catholics in Maryland

Social Characteristics 2) These colonies were chiefly settled by English, Dutch, and German speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity 3) In the Middle Colonies there was a strong belief in religious freedom and religious tolerance

Social Characteristics 4) The Middle colonies had a more flexible society and they began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers

THE SOUTHERN COLONIES 1) Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Virginia/Southern Colonies First permanent English settlement in North America-James, formed in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London for a business $$ opportunity Virginia House of Burgesses formed in 1640s, 1 st elected assembly in the New World (today its known as the General Assembly of VA)

Economic Characteristics 1) Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the Eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations

Economic Characteristics 2) These plantations typically grew cash crops such as tobacco, indigo, and rice for export to Britain

Virginia/Southern Colonies Indentured servants-5 to7 years to work off debt. They came and worked on tobacco plantations.

Economic Characteristics 3) Further inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian mountain foothills (Shenandoah Valley) the economy was based on small scale subsistence farming and hunting and trading

Economic Characteristics 4) A strong belief in private ownership of property and free enterprise characterized colonial life Settle mostly for $$ opportunities, poor English immigrants came as small farmers or artisans and settled in the Shenandoah Valley or western VA

Social Characteristics 1) Virginia and Southern colonies had a social structure and government based on family status and the ownership of land

Social Characteristics 2) Large landowners in the Eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society and they maintained an allegiance to the Church of England =

Social Characteristics 3) Virginia and the Southern colonies had the closest social ties to England

Colonial People John Smith –Leader of Jamestown Colony John Rolfe –discovered a breed of high-quality tobacco that the English went nuts for.

Colonial People Chief Powhatan –Leader of Powhatan tribe –Pocahontas’ father –Traded with settlers…food for weapons

Colonial People William Penn –Wanted to create a haven for Quakers –Charles II had owed Penn’s father $, and the king granted land to Penn as payment (PA) –Quakers were more tolerant than other whites of Indians and Blacks John Winthrop –first governor of MA Bay Colony –Led puritan colony –“City Upon a Hill” Speech

Colonial People Roger Williams –Extreme separatist –Declared the English must purchase the land from Natives –Set up Providence…purchased from Natives –Guaranteed separation of Church and State Anne Hutchinson –Reached individuals didn’t need the church to interpret the bible –Banished by puritans for leading bible readings from home –Left MA for RI, then to NY where she was killed Williams and Anne HutchinsonRoger Williams and Anne Hutchinson