SOCIETY AND SOCIAL CLASS The Socialization Process Social Processes and The Family Family Structures and Functions Mate Selection Divorce

T HE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS SIGMUND FREUD Believed the socialization centered on the person's unconscious mind He felt there were three parts to personality ID A person’s basic drives which are unconscious and demand immediate attention EGO A person’s conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society SUPEREGO The cultural values and norms internalized by society

T HE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS GEORGE MEAD A felt socialization happened in three stages STAGE ONE Children watch the behaviour of others and imitate them STAGE TWO Children imitate adult behaviours when they pretend to be the teacher, the doctor, the fireman STAGE THREE By age 10, children enter the game stage where they understand the rules and different roles with a team

T HE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Specific individuals, groups and institutions that provide situations in which socialization can occur LAWRENCE KOHLBERG The cognitive development theory of socialization He felt that children needed to master the skills needed to cope with the world around them As they explored and became part of a group, they looked for experiences that would help them understand how people behave and interact with each other

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY Sociologists list four main functions of the family: Regulation of sexual activity All societies have rules about sexual activity Reproduction Societies need to replace members who die or move away Socialization Most agree the family is the first agent of socialization Economic and emotional security Family is the most basic economic unit in society and our primary emotional support

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY FAMILY STRUCTURES NUCLEAR FAMILY Consists of adult heterosexual couple and their dependent children EXTENDED FAMILIES Include the nuclear family plus blood relatives living together VERTICAL FAMILIES includes grandparents as well parents and children HORIZONTAL FAMILIES Includes some members of the same generation as the parents living together utube.com/wat ch?v=9RMVIO4 nmPc

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS MARRIAGE AND SOCIETY All societies have some sort of family organization but the exact nature of that organization varies from society to society, sometimes even within the same society MARRIAGE PARTNERS Monogamy Marriage of one man to one woman Polygamy Marriage with multiple partners Polygyny A man is permitted to marry more than one woman as a time eature=results_video eature=results_video Polyanandry A woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS NEOLOCAL In modern industrial societies it is most common for married couples to be free to set up their own residence apart from both sets of parents PATRILOCALITY Where a couple live with or near the husband's parents MATRILOCALITY Where a couple live with or near the wife’s parents

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS MATE SELECTION ROMANTIC LOVE People who are emotional and physically attracted to each other ARRANGED MARRIAGE Marriage arranged by others, typically your parents ENDOMGAMY Marrying someone within your social status EXOGAMY Marriage outside one’s social category HOMOGAMY Marriage within one’s own racial group

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY THEORIES OF MATE SELECTION PARENTAL IMAGE People are guided by the image they hold of their parents, especially the parent of the opposite sex ROLE THEORY Based on role expectations, a man who believes a woman’s place is in the home would be unlikely to marry a career woman VALUES Mates tend to be chosen on the basis of similar values COMPLEMENTARY NEEDS Believes that martial gratification occurs when the needs of the husband and the wife are complimentary instead of similar FILTER THEORY Factors like religion and social class narrow the field then other factors further narrow the field like smoking or divorce

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY DIVORCE In some societies divorce is painless As attitudes have changed, there is reduced social stigma which has contributed to the increasing divorce rate The shifting roles of husbands and wives with increased financial pressure to have dual incomes has also increased relational stress Divorce which allows a spouse to leave a partner involved in deviant behaviour may be positive

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILY ANNUAL NUMBER OF DIVORCES IN CANADA 71,00 MARRIAGES THAT WON'T MEET THEIR 50 th WEDDING ANNIVERSARY 43% HIGHEST AND LOWEST MARRIAGE RATES IN CANADA Newfoundland 55%, Quebec 38% TOP REASONS FOR DIVORCE( Stats Canada) Relationship “runs out of steam”/fall out of love Communication breakdown Unreasonable behaviour Infidelity Midlife crisis Financial issues Physical, psychological, or emotional abuse

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILY PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCES THAT GO TO TRIAL 1-5% BUSIEST MONTH FOR DIVORCE January, results from not wanting to spoil holidays for children, New Years resolutions PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCES INTITATED BY WOMEN 66% PERENTAGE OF SINGLE PARENT FAMILIES HEADED BY WOMEN IN POVERTY 52% PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCED WOMEN WHO HAVE BEEN VICTIMS OF ABUSE 50%

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILY ESTIMATED CHILDREN AFFECTED BY DIVORCE IN CANADA 35% PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY CHILDREN OF DIVORCED COUPLES More alcohol and marijuana use More problems with peers, authority figures Children are less likely to marry and more likely to divorce DROPOUT RATES FOR CHILDREN OF DIVORCED COUPLES 2 to 3 times the rate of married family children ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AND SELF –ESTEEM ISSUES OF CHILDREN OF DIVORCE Twice the rate of married family children

SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY THE CHANGING FAMILY The Impacts of Divorce on Students Invisible Moms: Single Mothers and Child Poverty in Canada Interracial families changing America The Effects of Divorce on Men The Changing face of the Canadian Family