Rizal in Europe for the Second Time

Rizal in London Where Rizal lived for a year to do the following: To improve his knowledge of the English language To study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (a rare copy which he heard to be available in the British Museum) It is a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spain.

City of Rome While Rizal was on his way to Liverpool: Yo-yo – a small wooden disc attached to a string from the finger Used by Rizal to entertain the American and European passengers.

Life in London Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor – an exile of 1872 and a practicing lawyer in London Where Rizal stayed when he arrived in London. 73 Chaliot Crescent Primrose Hill – where Rizal next settled He was the boarder of the Beckett family.

Dr. Reinhold Rost A librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and an authority in Malayan languages and customs. Became a friend of Rizal through Blumentritt Called Rizal a pearl of a man Recommended Rizal to the authorities of the British Museum Where Rizal usually spent his Sundays playing cricket and boxing.

News in the Philippines Bad News: Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the Anti-Friar Petition of 1888 which includes the expulsion of Archbishop Pedro Payo. Signed by 800 patriots and the petition was written by Marcelo H. Del Pilar. Persecution of the Calamba tenants including the Rizal family for their courage to petition the government for agrarian reform. Furious attacks on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida in the Spanish Cortes and by Wenceslao Retana and Pablo Feced in Spanish Newspaper.

Rizal’s brother in law Manuel Hidalgo, husband of Saturnina was exiled by Governor General Valeriano Weyler to Bohol without due process of law. A friend of Rizal, Leureano Viado, a medical student at UST was arrested and jailed in Bilibid Prison because copies of the Noli Me Tangere were found in his house.

Good News The defense of Fr. Vicente Garcia of his novel as told by Mariano Ponce.

Annotating Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Historical Events of the Philippine Islands Published in Mexico, 1609 Written by Antonio de Morga Rizal’s greatest achievement while in London

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Story of the Philippines during the early years of the Spanish regime. Was annotated by Rizal to awaken the consciousness of the Filipinos of their glorious and dignified past. To correct what has been distorted and falsified about the Philippines prior to Spanish conquest. To prove that the Filipinos were civilized, even before the coming of the Spaniards.

Rizal spent 4 months for research and writing and 1 year to print the manuscript Ferdinand Blumentritt- wrote the preface emphasizing some salient points: The Spaniards have to correct their erroneous conception of the Filipinos as children of limited intelligence. That Rizal’s comments on Spanish government were unique as they are given from the point of view of the victims of colonialism.

That there existed three kinds of Spanish delusions about the Philippines: That the Filipinos were an inferior race That the Filipinos were not ready for parliamentary representation and other reforms That denial of equal rights can be compensated by strict dispensation of justice,

Rizal’s annotation consisted of 8 chapters The first 7 chapters is about the events during the time of the first 11 governor generals in the Philippines. The last chapter was focused on customs and usages of the Filipinos Rizal was able to produce the first history book of the Philippines, written for the Filipinos.

Three Main Propositions in Rizal’s New Edition of Morga’s Sucesos The people of the Philippines had a culture on their own, before the coming of the Spaniards. That the Filipinos were decimated, demoralized, exploited and ruined by the Spanish colonization. The present state of the Philippines was not necessarily superior to its past.

La Solidaridad Asociacion La Solidaridad – founded by Marcelo H. Del Pilar A patriotic society that shall work for reforms from the Spanish government. Officers: President: Galicano Apacible Vice-President: Graciano Lopez-Jaena Secretary: Manuel Sta. Mesa Treasurer: Mariano Ponce Accountant: Jose Ma. Panganiban

La Solidaridad

La Solidaridad – organ of the Propaganda Movement Although Rizal was not present, he was chosen as the honorary president of the organization. La Solidaridad – organ of the Propaganda Movement Founded by Graciano Lopez-Jaena Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers) – Rizal’s first article in the La Solidaridad

Aims of the La Solidaridad To work peacefully for political and social reforms To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines for Spain to remedy them. To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism To advocate the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy and happiness.

Rizal’s writings in London

La Vision del Fray Rodriguez The Vision of Fr. Rodriguez A pamphlet which was published under his name Dimas-Alang. A satire depicting a spirited dialogue between St. Augustine and Fr. Rodriguez

Letter to the Young Women of Malolos Written in Tagalog Written upon the request of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to praise the young ladies of Malolos for their courage to establish a school where they could learn Spanish, despite the opposition of Fr. Felipe Garcia, the parish priest of Malolos.

20 women in Mamlolos petitioned Governor General Valeriano Weyler for permission to open a night school so that they may study Spanish under Teodoro Sandiko. Señorita Gudalupe Reyes- was commissioned to be their teacher

Rizal’s Message to Filipino Women Filipino mother should teach her children love of God, Fatherland and mankind. The Filipino mother should be glad, like the Spartan mother to offer her soul in defense of her Fatherland. A Filipino woman should know how to preserve her dignity and honor. A Filipino woman should educate herself, aside form retaining her good racial virtues. Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures, but rather it is living the real Christian way with good morals and good manners.

Dr. Reinhold Rost – editor of the Trubner’s Record, a journal devoted to Asian Studies, requested Rizal to contribute some articles. Specimens of Tagal Folklore – May 1888 Two Eastern Fables – 1889

Examples Proverbs Puzzles Malakas ang bulong sa sigaw Ang laki sa layaw karaniwa’y hubad Hampas ng magulang ay nakatatab Ibang hari ibang ugali Puzzles Isang butil na palay sa buong bahay (light) Matapang ako sa dalawa, duwag ako sa isa (bamboo bridge) Dala ako niya, dala nya ako (shoes) Isang balong malalim, puno ng patalim (mouth)

Romance with Gertrude Beckett Gertrude – oldest of the three Beckett sisters Has brown hair, blue eyes, and rosy cheeks. Fell in love with Rizal, enjoys every moment with him. Even if Rizal enjoyed her company, he could not marry her because he had to fulfill his mission for the Philippines

Before leaving London, Rizal finished four sculptural works: Prometheus Bound The Triumph of Death over Life Given to Blumentritt The Triumph of Science over Death Given to Bumentritt Composite carving of the Beckett sisters Given to Gertude March 19, 1889 – he left London for Paris.