Notebook Title Final Exam Review 2015 Bellringer What type of weather is present with a HIGH Pressure system? Explain.

1. Distances East and West of the Prime Meridian are measured in degrees of ________. 2. Distance North and South of the equator are measured in degrees of _________. 3. Label the 4 main layers of the Earth. 4. Why did they layer when forming? 5. What is the density of a piece of wood that has a mass of 160 grams and a volume of 20 cm 3 ? 6. How is does pressure and temperature change as you go deeper into the Geosphere? 7. Where are the results of plate movement most easily seen? 8. Why is the Air above the equator is heated more than anywhere else on Earth? 9.. If you increase the distance between two objects, how will this effect the strength of the gravity? 10. Use the diagram in your text to briefly describe how the 3 types of rocks form: a. igneous b. sedimentary c. Metamorphic 11. Which type of rock has the largest crystals? 12. Describe the difference between Mechanical and Chemical Weathering. Give one example of each. 13.Explain how the Ozone layer helps us.

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Wegener’s Hypothesis of Continental Drift The continents had once been joined together in a single landmass called PANGEA. The continents then broke apart and slowly drifted.

Evidence for Alfred Wegener’s Theory A.Landforms and ROCK STRUCTURE 1.Fits like a puzzle 2.Matching ROCK STRUCTURES same as across ocean 3.Coal fields B.Evidence from fossils 1.Fossils same animals on different continents 2.Plant fossils same on different continents C.Evidence from climate 1.Tropical plant fossils found in arctic environment 2.Glacier tracks across India **THEORY WAS NOT WIDELY ACCEPTED BECAUSE WEGENER COULD NOT EXPLAIN HOW THE CONTINENTS COULD MOVE!

Title Your science notebook: Final Exam Review Do NOT call out the answers without being called upon Write down your answers in your science notebook and then we will discuss the answers as a group.

Longitude and Latitude

Lines of longitude only Equator added Other lines of latitude added

3. Distances East and West of the Prime Meridian are measured in degrees of ________. 4. Distance North and South of the equator are measured in degrees of _________.

Latitude The North Pole is at 90° N The South Pole is at 90° S The equator is at 0° latitude. It is neither north nor south. It is at the center between north and south. 40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator. 40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator.

Longitude Lines of longitude begin at the Prime Meridian. 60° W is the 60° line of longitude west of the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west 60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian. WE

Layers of the Earth

5. Label the 4 main layers of the Earth beginning with the Earth’s surface.

How did you do?

6. List two inferences that you can make by observing the items in this column. 7. What is the primary cause of the layers in this column?

8. List two characteristics that the globe and the column diagrams have in common. (Besides being pretty colors!)

DENSITY Density = Mass/ Volume D = m/v (g/cm 3 ) Mass usually expressed in grams Volume usually expressed in cm 3 or liters, etc.

9. What is the density of a piece of wood that has a mass of 160 grams and a volume of 20 cm 3 ? Give it a try! D = m/v

10. What is one fact you can infer about the layers of the earth from this diagram?

11. What would be your best guess as to why the inner core is solid iron while the rest of the inner layers are liquid?

Continental Drift

12. Use the diagram below to explain how most scientists today believe that continental drift works.

13. Where are the newest or youngest rocks on the ocean floor located?

14. Why are the results different from a oceanic crust – continental crust collision as opposed to a continental crust – continental crust collision?

15. Where are the results of plate movement most easily seen?

Air above the equator is heated more than anywhere else on Earth because solar rays strike the Earth’s surface MORE DIRECTLY than anywhere else!

Gravity!!!!!

16. Of the 3 red objects, in which would the gravity be stronger? Why?

17. If you increase the distance between the red objects, how will this effect the strength of the gravity?

Minerals make up rocks!

Characteristics of a mineral … NATURALLY occurring substances. Inorganic Solid Crystal structure Have a definite chemical composition

Rock Cycle

18. Use the diagram to briefly describe how the 3 types of rocks form: a. igneous b. sedimentary c. Metamorphic

19. Remember igneous rocks have crystals! Which one is it? A. B.C.

Weathering

20. Mechanical or Chemical Weathering? Explain.

21. Mechanical or Chemical Weathering? Explain.

22. Erosion or Deposition? Explain.

Ticket Out the Door Explain in your own words how constructive forces are building land at the two locations shown in the map below. The coast is changing constantly as constructive and destructive forces act upon it daily.

The majority of DELTA building took place at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Delta – large deposit of sediment that forms where rivers and streams meet large bodies of water.

Deposition – the laying down of the eroded sediment.

23. When we plant trees along the coast do we prevent erosion or depostion? Explain.

Weather and Atmosphere

Notebook Title Exam Review 2 Bellringer Explain why we have land and sea breezes.

65 Feet underwater in the mouth of a cave!

24. Based on this map, how is the weather different with High Pressure systems and Low Pressure systems? Why?

3. What happens to the air pressure?

Cold Front When a fast moving cold air mass runs into a slow moving warm air mass and the thicker cold air slides under the lighter warmer air.

Pressure Systems High Pressure system – air masses sink making it difficult for clouds to form. High Pressure means clear skies! Low Pressure system – large body of circulating air with low pressure at the center and higher pressure outside of the system. Low pressure means clouds and precipitation.

25. Explain why the breeze change direction at night?

26. Explain what is happening in this diagram. How does this help us?

5. Ozone – area of stratosphere with large concentration of ozone. OZONE LAYER= O3 (Ozone) absorbs sun’s ultraviolet rays, so temperature increases. It is very thin, only mm thick.

Review what we studied for our last test : Which era did humans first appear? What is the difference between absolute and relative age dating? What is superposition? How did the Paleozoic Era end?

Geologic Time Scale

Ages of Rocks The relative age of a rock is its age compared to other rocks. Use words like: “older or younger” The absolute age of a rock is the number of years since the rock was formed. Ex: mya

The Position of Rock Layers It can be difficult to determine a rocks absolute age. So… scientists use the law of superposition. According to the law of superposition, in horizontal sedimentary rock layers the oldest layer is at the bottom. Each higher layer is younger than the layers below it.

How many mass extinctions?