This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: del-Ama AJ, Koutsou AD, Moreno JC, de-los-Reyes A, Gil-Agudo A, Pons JL. Review.

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Presentation transcript:

This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: del-Ama AJ, Koutsou AD, Moreno JC, de-los-Reyes A, Gil-Agudo A, Pons JL. Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(4):497– Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury Antonio J. del-Ama, Eng MSc; Aikaterini D. Koutsou, Eng MSc; Juan C. Moreno, Eng PhD; Ana de-los-Reyes, Eng MSc; Ángel Gil-Agudo, MD, PhD; José L. Pons, Prof Eng PhD

This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: del-Ama AJ, Koutsou AD, Moreno JC, de-los-Reyes A, Gil-Agudo A, Pons JL. Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(4):497– Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Aim – Review hybrid lower-limb exoskeletons, related technologies, advances in actuation and control systems, and functional assessment of individuals with spinal cord injury. Relevance – Combination of functional electrical stimulation (FES) technology and exoskeletons brings together technologies, methods, and rehabilitation principles that can overcome drawbacks of each individual approach.

This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: del-Ama AJ, Koutsou AD, Moreno JC, de-los-Reyes A, Gil-Agudo A, Pons JL. Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(4):497– Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Methods Searched Medline, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore digital library, and Google Scholar databases. – Final database contained 34 articles, which became main information source of this article.

This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: del-Ama AJ, Koutsou AD, Moreno JC, de-los-Reyes A, Gil-Agudo A, Pons JL. Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(4):497– Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Hybrid Exoskeletons Variable hip constraint mechanism exoskeleton. Left: Controlled-brake orthosis (CBO) exoskeleton. Right: CBO under clinical trial. WalkTrainer.

This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: del-Ama AJ, Koutsou AD, Moreno JC, de-los-Reyes A, Gil-Agudo A, Pons JL. Review of hybrid exoskeletons to restore gait following spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(4):497– Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Conclusions – Hybrid technologies can produce feasible systems in which exoskeleton provides FES with adequate control of joint movement, reducing system’s energy requirements. – Assist-as-needed control strategies must also be implemented. – Systems should challenge users to walk in real environments. – Clinical evaluation must address gait performance, user-perception, and physiological cost through clinically validated functional scales and protocols.