Topic: Classification Aim: Describe characteristics of each of the six kingdoms. Do Now: 1.Take out your Kingdoms Recall Notes 2.Take out the Bacteria ISA. 3. Identify the TAXON that contains organisms that are VERY SIMILAR. How similar are they??? HW: Kingdoms Review Entry Card Castle Learning Microscope Review – Due Tuesday, January 5 th.

Identify the 7 levels of classification.

Describe what occurs to the number of organisms in each level as you move down the levels.

Describe what occurs to the similarity between organisms in each level as you move down the levels.

Before Linnaeus developed his naming system, plants and animals were named by a series of Latin words that described the physical appearance of the organism. This was very confusing. For example, let’s look at the first name of the honey bee. Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris utrinque margine ciliatus. This means “fuzzy bee, light gray middle, brown body, smooth hind legs that have a small bag edged with tiny hairs.” Linnaeus named it Apis mellifera which means “honey-bearing bee.”

Is their a taxon that is LARGER than a KINGDOM????

Domain Bacteria is familiar to most people when associated with human or animal disease. However, there are many bacterial species do not (and cannot) cause disease. Many species even play beneficial roles by producing antibiotics and food. The soil teems with free-living bacteria that perform many essential functions in the biosphere, e.g. nitrogen fixation. Domain Eukaryota include protists and the cells that make up fungi, plants, animals. Domain Archaea wasn't recognized as a major domain of life until quite recently. Scientists were studying different prokaryotes and found that there were 2 different groups: those that lived at high temperatures or produced methane clustered together as a group. Because of their difference in genetic makeup, scientists proposed that life be divided into 3 domains.

Archea Unicellular Prokaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Found in extreme environments –oxygen-free –hot acidic waters of sulfur springs –bodies of concentrated salt water Hot Springs Hydrothermal vents

The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA, were among the first places Archaebacteria were discovered.

Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Yogurt contains lactobacteria, intestine-friendly bacterial cultures that foster a healthy colon, and even lower the risk of colon cancer. Lactobacteria, especially acidophilus, promotes the growth of healthy bacteria in the colon. The more of these intestine-friendly bacteria that are present in your colon, the lower the chance of colon diseases. Basically, the friendly bacteria in yogurt seems to deactivate harmful substances before they can become carcinogenic.

Found everywhere –most are helpful (produce vitamins) –some cause disease (Ex: Strep throat) Streptococci pyogenes Salmonella enteriditis

Strep throat Salmonella poisoning

Fun Fact: There are more bacteria in one person's mouth than there are people in the world.

Protists Unicellular Eukaryotic

Animal-like  heterotrophic –Protozoa Ex: Amoeba, paramecium

Plant-like  autotrophic –Algae

Fungi

Multicellular Unicellular  yeast

Eukaryotic cells Heterotrophic –Decomposers  absorb nutrients of dead organisms

Mushrooms

Mold

Plants Multicellular Eukaryotic cells Autotrophic Ex: Trees, grasses…

Animals Multicellular Eukaryotic cells Heterotrophic Examples: Humans, jellyfish, insects, dogs, fish…

Let’s summarize… 1.Identify the six kingdoms. 1.Identify the kingdom described: a.Unicellular and eukaryotic b.Multicellular and autotrophic c.Unicellular, prokaryotic and live in extreme environments d.Multicellular and heterotrophic e.Unicellular, prokaryotic, and are very common Archaea, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals Protists Plants Archaea Fungi and Animals Eubacteria

3. Identify the protists that are autotrophic. 4. Why are fungi called decomposers? 5. What are heterotrophic protists called? 6. Identify two heterotrophic protists. Algae They absorb nutrients of dead organisms. Protozoa Ameba and Paramecia

Identify the kingdom that is made up of unicellular organisms with no nucleus and can be found in hydrothermal vents. (1.) Eubacteria (2.) Fungi (3.) Archaebacteria (4.) Protists

A scientist recently discovered a pond organism that is unicellular, contains chloroplasts and other membrane-bound organelles, and possesses a flagellum. In which kingdom is this organism classified? (1.) Eubacteria (2.) Fungi (3.) Protists (4.) Plant

Mushrooms and molds belong to the kingdom (1.) Fungi (2.) Plants (3.) Protists (4.) Animals

An organism that is unicellular, contains a nucleus and is autotrophic is classified as a (1.) Plant (2.) Protist (3.) Algae (4.) Fungi

Multicellular organisms that absorb digested nutrients from the environment is classified as (1.) animals (2.) fungi (3.) protists (4.) paramecia

Identify the kingdom consisting of multicellular and autotrophic organisms. (1.) Animals (2.) Fungi (3.) Protists (4.) Plant

Identify the kingdom that is made up of unicellular prokaryotic organisms that are very common, (1.) Eubacteria (2.) Fungi (3.) Archaebacteria (4.) Protists

Heterotrophic protists are known as (1.) algae (2.) bacteria (3.) protozoa (4.) yeast

Cytoplasm Chloroplasts Cell membrane Cell wall Ribosomes Cytoplasm Mitochondria Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole

Determine the length of each cell in um. 1000um 500um Diameter = 2000um Length of cell: 600um

Determine the length of each cell in um. Diameter = 1000um 6 cells 1000/6 = 100.7um

1. Describe the field of view under low power compared to high power. It has a larger field of view 2. Identify the structure used to focus the image. coarse adjustment 3. In which direction should the slide be moved on the microscope stage to center the cell in the field of view? towards C The diagram represents a cell being viewed with the low power objective.

A student sees the image to the left when observing the letter "f" with the low-power objective lens of a microscope. Which diagram below most closely resembles the image the student will see after switching to high power?

The second part of an organism’s scientific name is its (1.) kingdom (2.) phylum (3.) genus (4.) species

The branch of biology that is used for classifying and naming organisms is known as (1.) cytology (2.) taxonomy (3.) physiology (4.) genetics

The system used to name organisms is called (1.) classification (2.) dichotomous keys (3.) binomial nomenclature (4.) punnett squares

The name of the person who created binomial nomenclature is (1.) Carl Linnaeus (2.) Robert Hooke (3.) Robert Virchow (4.) Anton Van Leewenhoek

The scientific name for a lion is Panthera Leo. The word Panthera tells us the lion’s (1.) kingdom (2.) phylum (3.) genus (4.) species

Members of a population of gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, are classified in the same species because they (1.) obtain their food in the same manner (2.) produce enzymes by synthesis (3.) can mate and produce fertile offspring (4.) live in the same area

In today’s classification system, 2 organisms would be most closely related if they were classified in the same (1.) kingdom (2.) phylum (3.)genus (4.)species

Which classification category contains the greatest number of different types of organisms? (1.) kingdom (2.) phylum (3.) genus (4.) species

1. Sodium is PUMPED out of a nerve cell. 2. A unicellular organism takes in a particle of food. 3. Water moves out of the fish’s body cells (98% water) and into the surrounding water (96% water)

What were the three types of archaebacteria you read about? 1.Methanogens: 1.Prefix: methano- 2.Live in oxygen-free environments and produce methane 2.Extreme halophiles 1.Live in bodies of concentrated salt water 3.Thermoacidophiles 1.Prefix: thermo- 2.Live in hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs