The power of electric assist bikes and their role in public bike hire Sally Cairns, TRL/UCL Antonia Roberts, Bikeplus

Page  2 3 year research project funded by the Research Councils UK Energy Programme/EPSRC, Focus on ‘pedelecs’ – e-bikes where you still have to pedal, and pedalling assistance stops after 15.5mph. Project team:  Frauke Behrendt (lead), Chris Kiefer, University of Brighton  Sally Cairns, Clare Beaumont, Marcus Jones, TRL  David Raffo, University of Ulster Project partners:  Brighton and Hove City Council  Raleigh  Bupa International  Baker Street Bikes shop  M’s Cycles cycle training

E-bike types Assistance Pedalling Optional Always Never Optional Speed Range Style Cost Electric Scooter/Moped Throttle-controlled ‘Twist-and-go’ Pedal-assisted Electrically-assisted ‘Pedelec’ Bike Motor Battery Common Variation

. Sustainable? CO2, lbs per year 200 days per year, 5 or 15 miles Car E-Bike Healthy? “at least moderate levels of physical activity for most people” “potential health benefit to all those who need to increase their levels of physical activity” Nanette Mutrie, Professor of Physical Activity for Health University of Edinburgh

E-bikes in Europe Germany – nearly 1 in 8 bikes sold is a pedelec. (480,000 sold in 2014.) Netherlands – 1 in 5 bikes sold is a pedelec. (223,000 sold in 2014.) Italy – in 2009, €19 million of subsidy doubled pedelec purchases (from 20,000 to 40,000 p.a.), with further increases since. Austria – multi-stranded ‘klima: aktiv’ programme helped increase pedelec sales from 2,000 units in 2008 to 45,000 in 2012 Increasing inclusion in shared bike schemes….

609 survey responses from 2 employers in Brighton 409 people potentially interested; 241 people - 40% - seriously interested. 241 respondents included:  70 people whose households did not own a working adult bike  48 people who had not ridden a bike in the previous year  3 people who said they could not ride a bike  105 people self-reporting doing less than 2.5hours physical activity per week  102 people with a BMI indicating that they were overweight or obese Page  6

75% used them at least once a week 38% expected to cycle more in the future 59% said they increased their physical activity Car miles dropped by about 20%

Potential for policy to make a difference Page  8 70% would like to have an e-bike available 23% considering buying an e-bike

What else is known about impact of ebikes? Men Cycle further (Norwegian study) Women cycle more frequently (Norwegian study) Attractive to older people (Cycle Boom) E bikes can replace car trips (Presto) “ the willingness to pay the price for an E-bike is a drawback”

Electric Bike Share Worldwide Europe: Madrid, Copenhagen, Stuttgart, Rotterdam and UK USA: Birmingham, Berkley & Baltimore Asia: Jincheng, China, Sendai, Japan

GPS Trip Maps Isle of Wight Norwich Felixstowe Eastbourne

What we learnt so far… Makes cycling pure fun no struggle! Longer trips Diversity of age and gender