1 The Path Forward Sustainable Materials Management Ameripen 2016 Annual Meeting SMM/CE Keynote Panel June 3, 2016 Elizabeth Resek, Chief Material Source Reduction Branch US EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management Follow us on

What is Sustainable Materials Management? “An approach to serving human needs by using/reusing resources productively and sustainably throughout their life cycles, generally minimizing the amount of materials involved and all associated environmental impacts.” Sustainable Materials Management: The Road Ahead, EPA (2009) Design and Manufacturing Distribution Retail Use and Maintenance End-of-Life Management Processing Influx of New Material/Resources Disposal Progress, moving in the right direction from a baseline rather than benchmark. 2

What is SMM: Material/Product Life Cycle 3

Why is SMM so Critical? A Global Issue 4

SMM: A Global Issue 2015 G7 Leaders’ Summit established the G7 Alliance on Resource Efficiency; Reaffirmed during 2016 Leaders’ Summit 5 U.S. hosted an international workshop in March 2016: “The Use of Life Cycle Concepts in Supply Chain Management to Achieve Resource Efficiency” Forum to share best practices and explore issues in life-cycle concepts in sustainable supply chain management, using the auto sector as an example. Leading to a findings report that is transferrable across sectors and countries and that will help lay the foundation for future collaboration.

6 SMM Offers New Perspectives Materials management accounts for 42% U.S. GHG emissions. Paris Climate Agreement: U.S. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions leave a gap of approximately 6% to 13%. The gap in the current Intended Nationally Determined Contributions can potentially be addressed by systems-based approaches such as sustainable materials management that identify and reduce often overlooked areas with significant GHG emissions, such as the supply chain of the manufacturing sector, while addressing economic development and competiveness associated with the availability of material feedstocks. World Resources Institute identifies the manufacturing sector as the third largest near-term GHG abatement opportunity to achieve the US’s GHG reduction commitment beyond the Climate Action Plan, and resources efficiency and waste reduction as one of the primary levers in the manufacturing sector.

7 Used life cycle assessment to evaluate materials use across the U.S. economy. o 38 materials, goods and services with significant environmental impacts identified. Report also had specific recommendations for Government: o Promote efforts to manage materials and products on a life cycle basis o Build capacity & integrate materials management approaches in existing government programs. o Accelerate the broad, ongoing public dialogue on life cycle materials management. Sustainable Materials Management: The Road Ahead (2009)

Significant Cradle to Gate Impacts Human Health Cancer Human Health Noncancer Human Health Respiratory EcoTox Global Warming Ozone Depletion Smog Acidification Eutrophication Land Use Energy Use Water Use Material Use Waste Sources of Impacts in Supply chain - Hotspots (more finished product/service > raw material) 2. Grain Farming (Material, Waste, HR, Eutro., Land, Water) 4. Poultry and Egg Production (Eutro, Acid.) 6. Fishing (Water) 7. Cattle Ranching And Farming (Land, GW, Acid., Waste) 10. Coal Mining (Material) 5. Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production (HNC, HC, Ecotox) 1.Electricity (HR, GW, Smog, Acid., Energy, HC, Water) 3. Waste Management and Remediation (HC, Ecotox, HNC) 8. Food Services and Drinking Places (Energy, GW) 9. Aluminum Product Manufacturing (HC) Food Services and Drinking Places Food Services and Drinking Places Hotspots (all impacts) (Identified using environmentally-extended Input-Output analysis) Impacts Bought Electricity (HR. GW. Smog, Acid, Energy, Material, HC, HNC, Water) Waste Management (HC, HNC, Ecotox) Meat (Land, HR, GW, Smog, Acid., Eutro., Energy, Water, Material, Waste) Poultry (Eutro, HR, Acid, Land, Material, Water) Fish (Water, Energy, Waste) Grains (Waste, HR, Water, Material) Soft Drinks and Ice (HC, HNC) Polystyrene Foam Products (Ozone Dep) Urethane and Other Foam Products (Ozone Dep) Cheese (HR, GW, Acid., Land, Material, Waste) 11. Urethane and Other Foam Products (Ozone Dep) 12. Logging (Land) 13. Truck Transportation (Smog, Acid., Energy) 14. Polystyrene Foam Products (Ozone Dep) 15. Fruit Farming (Ozone Dep) Significant Direct Impacts Energy Use 8

Food Services and Drinking Places Significant Direct Impacts Energy Use Food Services and Drinking Places Hotspots (waste) (identified using environmentally-extended Input-Output analysis) Most Wasteful Goods and Services They Buy Grains Meat Poultry Cheese Wet corn milling Animal feed products Soybean and other oilseed products Lime and gypsum products Fish Paper Products 1. Grain Farming 3. Cattle ranching and farming 4. Fishing 5. Oilseed farming 7. Coal Mining 8. Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying 9. Forest nurseries, forest products and timber 6. Lime and gypsum product manufacturing 2. Pulp mills 10. Plastics material and resin manufacturing Sources of Waste in Supply Chain - Hotspots (more finished product/service > raw material) Significant Cradle to Gate Impacts Human Health Cancer Human Health Noncancer Human Health Respiratory EcoTox Global Warming Ozone Depletion Smog Acidification Eutrophication Land Use Energy Use Water Use Waste 9

Stakeholder Engagement After Identification of Impacts and “Hotspots” Confer with EPA and other government experts.  Discuss findings and identify key, collaborative representatives for the product or service of interest (e.g., Food Services and Drinking Places). Begins refining data, something that continues throughout. Engage with the service/product representatives to inform and gage willingness to participate. Informal, substantive consultation with key representatives.  Aluminum Association  National Restaurant Association  Polyurethane Manufacturers Association  Federal, state and local government (relevant parties)  Other (e.g., World Resources Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development) Form working group. Potential resulting actions that address impacts.  Voluntary programs (e.g., procurement, reporting, voluntary standards)  Regulation (e.g., limits, bans, standards, revisions to existing regulations)  Information (e.g., pollution reporting, labeling)  Market-based (e.g., taxes, subsidies, liability, resource allocation, user fees)  Research (e.g., technology)  Grants (e.g., pilot projects) 10

EPA’s SMM Strategic Plan 2017–2022 Strategic Priority Areas The Built Environment Additional Emphasis Areas 11 Sustainable Food Management Sustainable Packaging Sustainable Electronics Management Lifecycle Assessment Measurement International Efforts

12 Life cycle-based standards (e.g., NSF sustainability standard; EPEAT (electronics) standard) “A sustainable economy requires economically successful business activities and models that achieve fundamental reductions in energy, material and water throughput in the delivery of necessary goods and services.” EPA LCA Virtual Research Center SMM Policy Approaches

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