Dave Evensen 10/2015

You will understand the changes in federal Indian policy, especially in the areas of removal and land ownership. You will be able to describe and feel the impact of federal policies on indigenous nations.

Medicine Lodge 1867 Treaty of Little Arkansas Indian Territory -Kiowa -Comanche -Apache -Cheyenne -Arapaho Ft. Laramie Treaty -$50,000/50yrs Black Hills -Dakota

…I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are - perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.

 5 Civilized Tribes  Seminole  Cherokee  Chocktaw  Creek  Chicksaw  Dawes Act 1887  160 acres  80  40

 War ceasing forever  United States pledges -Honor the treaty -New Dakota reservation -Including Black Hills -Clothing -Articles of property -Money  Sioux will be held to United States law  Gold found!

Pratt Commission -Grasp of English -Calmness -Necessity to leave to care for crops -Broken Promises -Not wanting to sell -Understands supply and demand

Picture from:

Picture from:

Picture from:

 Bureau of Indian Affairs, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, RG 75: McLaughlin’s Report, December 15, 1890  Chief Gall's “Speech at the 1888 Pratt Commission”. Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, RG 75. August 21,  Chief Joseph, Recorded by US Army Lieutenant Charles E.S. Woods  Indian Territory, Department of the Interior, General Land Office, Farland,  E Pavline Johnson, The White Wampvm, (London: John Lane, 1895), 6.  National Achieves. “First Blacksmith Shop in Guthrie” 1889  United States, “Treaty of 1868,” April 29, The Black Hills are for the Dakota