Hazard Assessments 29 CFR (d) Presented by Larry Sailer Hazards in the Workplace

Hazard Assessment  OSHA requires an assessment of hazards.  Many employers are unaware of this requirement.  The assessment should be viewed as proactive.  Before you can determine whether your employees need some sort of protective gear, you should know the hazards they need protection from.

Hazard Assessment  Your must determine whether hazards are present or are likely to be present.  If such hazards exist you must select appropriate Personal Protective Equipment  The assessment must be documented. Written certification that identifies the workplace. The person certifying that the evaluation has been performed. Date of the assessment.

Hazard Assessment All employees who are required to wear PPE must be trained to know the following. (must certify)  When PPE is necessary.  What PPE is necessary.  How to put on, remove, adjust and wear PPE.  How to properly care for and maintain PPE, as well equipment life expectancy and when to discard deteriorating or defective equipment.  Limitations of PPE’s ability to protect against hazards.

Hazard Assessment Identify The Hazards  Workplace Survey  Data Organization and Analysis

HAZARD ASSESSMENT Control Hazards  Engineering Controls  Administrative Controls  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

HAZARD ASSESSMENT Select Proper PPE  Become Familiar with types of PPE  Compare Hazards to PPE and select the best equipment  Fit users with PPE

Hazard Assessment Maintain PPE  Replacement  Repair  Cost

HAZARD ASSESSMENT Provide PPE Training  Potential workplace hazards  The purpose of PPE  Types of PPE  Fit, Use and Care of PPE  Workplace areas, Jobs, Tasks that require PPE

HAZARD ASSESSMENT Support The PPE Program  Employee “Buy In”  Management Commitment  Ongoing Program Support  Visitors and PPE

Hazard Assessment Replacement of defective or damaged equipment  The employer is responsible for ensuring that PPE is inspected and replaced when necessary.

Eye and face protection Employees must use appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to the following:  Flying particles.  Molten metal.  Liquid chemicals.  Acids or caustic liquids.  Chemicals, gases or vapors.  Potentially dangerous light radiation. Hazard Assessment

Hazard Assessment Head Protection  Protective helmets must be worn where there is a potential for injury from falling objects.  Helmets designed to reduce electrical shock must be worn when there is an exposure to electric conductors that could come in contact with the head. Old – class B New – class E

Hazard Assessment Foot Protection Protective footwear must be worn where there is danger from:  Falling or rolling objects.  Objects that may pierce the sole.  When there is an exposure to electrical hazards.

Hazard Assessment Hand Protection Hand protection is required when:  Hazards are encountered that could result in harmful substances being absorbed through the skin.  Severe cuts or lacerations.  Injuries caused by temperature extremes. (not weather related)

Hazard Assessments There are four steps for performing hazard assessments. Hazard assessments must be performed on all jobs which have the potential of causing employee injury.

Hazard Assessments  Make a list of the jobs which you know have the potential for injury.  Conduct a walk-through survey of the work area if feasible to make note of any obvious hazard.  Review accident reports - (first report of injury)  Identify jobs that may not have a history of accidents but may have potential for injury.  Identify all new jobs and jobs that may have changed because of new equipment, material or procedures. Step one - Select the job to be analyzed. Begin with the job(s) that have the most accidents associated with them.

Hazard Assessment Step two - Identify the hazards.  Make employees aware of the importance of the hazard assessment and ask their recommendation.  Observe the job while it is being performed.  Consider the following hazard categories: o Electrical o Impact o Penetration o Compression (Roll- over) o Chemical o Heat o Harmful Dust o Light Radiation

Hazard Assessment Step Three - Develop Solutions Determine guidelines for selecting PPE.  Become familiar with a particular hazard.  Compare the hazards with the environment.  Select PPE that ensures a level of protection greater than the minimum required.  Fit the user with the PPE and give instruction in its use and care.

Hazard Assessment Step Four - Training The employer must provide training for each employee that is required to use PPE. Each employee must know :  When PPE is necessary.  What PPE is necessary.  How to properly put on, remove, adjust and wear PPE.  The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE.

Hazard Assessment Training (continued) Retraining is required, but not limited to the following situations:  Changes in the workplace.  Changes in PPE.  Employees can’t demonstrate the understanding and skills of using PPE.

Hazard Assessment  Respiratory Protection –  Electrical Protective Devices –

Hazard Assessment Conclusion Controlling Hazards PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards.  Should be used in conjunction with guards.  Engineering controls  Sound manufacturing practices.

Job Safety Analysis The breaking down into its component parts of any method or procedure to determine the hazards connected with each key step and the requirements for performing it safely.

JSA is a procedure to make a job safe by: 1. Identifying the hazards or potential accidents associated with each step of the job. 2. Developing a solution for each hazard that will either 1. Eliminate or 2. Control the exposure

Four basis steps in making JSA: 1. Selecting the job to be analyzed 2. Breaking the job down into successive steps 3. Identifying the hazards and potential accidents 4. Developing ways to eliminate the hazard and prevent potential accidents

Job Safety Analysis Priorities  New Jobs  Severity Potential  History of Disabling Injuries  Frequency of Accidents

Job Safety Analysis  Job means “task”  (Changing a tire not auto mechanics)  “key” steps  too detailed becomes cumbersome  not enough detail becomes useless

Break job down into key steps AVOID!!  making the breakdown so detailed that an unnecessarily large number of steps results  making the job breakdown so general that basic steps are not recorded

Key Steps TOO MUCH Changing a Flat Tire  Pull off road  Put car in “park”  Set brake  Activate emergency flashers  Open door  Get out of car  Walk to trunk  Put key in lock  Open trunk  Remove jack  Remove Spare tire

Key Steps NOT ENOUGH Changing a Flat Tire  Park car  take off flat tire  put on spare tire  drive away

Key Job Steps JUST RIGHT Changing a Flat tire  Park car, set brake  remove jack & tire from trunk  loosen lug nuts  jack up car  remove tire  set new tire  jack down car  tighten lug nuts  store tire & jack

Hazards  Parking Car  Struck by Traffic  Removing tire & jack  Back Strain  bang head on trunk  Loosen lug nuts  back/arm strain  slip & fall  Jacking up car  car could fall off jack  Setting new tire  fingers pinched  back strain  Tighten nuts  back strain  slip & fall

Building a JSA Before the search for hazards begins—a job should be broken down into a sequence of steps— each describing what is being done.

Job Safety Analysis “Avoid the two common errors” 1.Making the breakdown too detailed 2.Making the breakdown too general

Technique  Select experienced worker(s) who will cooperate and participate in the JSA process.  Explain purpose of JSA  Observe the employee perform the job and write down basic steps  Completely describe each step  Note deviations (Very Important!)

Job Safety Analysis Sequence of the basic steps 1.What starts the job? 2.What is the next basic step? - each step tells what is to be done, not how 3.Numbers the job steps consecutively - each step tells what is to be done, not how 4.The wording for each step should begin with an action word such as remove—open—attach

Job Safety Analysis Identify Hazards and Potential Accidents The purpose is to identify all hazards—both those produced by the environment and those connected with the job procedure each step—and thus the Entire job, must be made safer and more efficient.

Job Safety Analysis Ask yourself these questions about each step… 1.Is there a danger of striking against, being struck by, or making injurious contact with an object? 2.Can the employee be caught in, on or between objects? 3. Can he/she slip or trip or fall? 4. Can he/she strain him/herself by pushing, pulling or lifting? 5.Is the environment hazardous? (toxic gas, vapor, mist, fumes, dust, heat or radiation)

Job Safety Analysis Recommended safe job procedures The final step in a JSA is to develop a recommended safe job procedure to prevent occurrence of potential accidents (develop solutions).

Job Safety Analysis Principal Solutions 1.Find a new way to do the job 2.Change the physical conditions that create the hazard 3.Change the job procedure to eliminate hazards 4. Try to reduce the necessity of doing a job or at least the frequency that it must be performed

Job Safety Analysis PROTECTION HAZARD PROTECTION HAZARD KEY STEP

Identify Hazards & Potential Accidents  Search for Hazards  Produced by Work  Produced by Environment  Repeat job observation as many times as necessary to identify all hazards

Develop Solutions  Find a new way to do job  Change physical conditions that create hazards  Change the work procedure  Reduce frequency

New way to do job  Determine the work goal of the job, and then analyze the various ways of reaching this goal to see which way is safest.  Consider work saving tools and equipment.

Change in physical conditions  Tools, materials, equipment layout or location  Study change carefully for other benefits (costs, time savings)

Change in work procedures  What should the worker do to eliminate the hazard  How should it be done?  Document changes in detail

Reduce frequency  What can be done to reduce the frequency of the job??  Identify parts that cause frequent repairs - change  Reduce vibration save machine parts

What effects??  A job that has been redesigned may affect other jobs or work processes.  Check or reobserve the new process once it has been redesigned