Pests & Pesticides

What is a pest? Pests are organisms that ______________________________________ –May contribute to ______________ loss Pests that target _________ –May contribute to ______________ loss Pests that _______________________________ populations –May cause ____________ problems Pests that _________________ –General _______________ Pests that _______________________

Examples of some common pests:

Can you think of any other pests that have not been mentioned?

Pesticides Pesticides are ___________ designed to _______________ and ___________________ populations Many different types: –Insecticides Targets _______________ –Herbicides Targets _______________ –Fungicide Targets _______________ –Bactericides Targets _______________

Dangers of Pesticide Use Chemicals in pesticides polluting the environment or harming other organisms –Some chemicals found in pesticides are ____________________________________ –Chemicals from pesticides can _________________________ after their use –Chemicals from pesticides can ____________________________________

Dangers of Pesticide Use continued… Bioamplification –Some pesticides contain chemicals that become stored in the ________________________________ –When animals from the next trophic level eat an organism with the chemical it ____________________ in its fat cells –This process continues to occur with animals from higher trophic levels –The final result: organisms at the __________________ have the ______________________ in their cells –Notice in the diagram, the ___________ have the lowest concentration of chemicals at 0.04 ppm (parts per million) and the _______________ have the highest concentration of 13.8 ppm

Dangers of Pesticide Use continued… Resistance of Pests –This occurs when pests slowly become ___________ by the pesticide ______________________________ –In other words, after a certain amount of time, the pesticide is _________________________________ –This is caused by: High rates of _________________ of pests Small numbers of the pest have _______ which allow them to withstand and __________________________________ With each generation of pest and application of pesticide, the number of survivors __________________ As a result, the number of ___________________________

Characteristics of an Ideal Pesticide 1.________________________________ 2.________________________________ ________________________________ 3.________________________________ 4.________________________________