What are the Chemical Building Blocks of all Life? C (carbon) H (hydrogen) O (Oxygen) N (Nitrogen) The chemical building blocks of ALL amino acids

Amino Acid Structure is Divided into 3 Groups: Amino Groups (amines) Carboxyl Groups (carboxylic acid) R Groups (side chains)

It’s the R-groups which make up the amino acid’s characteristics Polar vs. non-polar Acidic vs. Basic Charged vs. Uncharged

How do Amino Acids “Link-Up” or React to Form Chains, aka Proteins? Dehydration Synthesis:

How do Amino Acids Separate? Hydrolysis:

Enzymes are Specialized Proteins that Catalyze Reactions

Enzymes Enzymes function as a catalyst in a reaction. All chemical reactions in the body require enzymes to make them occur. Enzymes must meet these criteria: 1.Must increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy. 2.An enzyme is not altered itself by the reaction. 3.An enzyme does not change the nature of the reaction or its final result.

Enzymes Names Some common enzymes: amylase, pepsin, lipase, trypsin, protease, kinase, isomerase, phosphatase Notice any trends?

What affects the abilities of an enzyme?

Anything that Affects the Enzyme’s ability to bind at the active site! By Denaturation of Enzyme: Extreme Temperatures pH change

Examples of Enzyme Inhibitor Applications HIV drugs Chemical Weapons Snake/Other organism venom Pesticides/herbicides