IN THE NAME OF LORD THE ONE & MIGHTY

ANATOMY OF SKELETONE & ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS

PRESENTED TO DR. ALMASI

DESIGNED BY ESMAEL NAHAEI

Anatomical Planes

Transverse plane –The horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions –Also called the Horizontal plane

Anatomical Planes Sagittal plane –The plane dividing the body into right and left portions –Midsagittal or median are names for the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves

Anatomical Planes Frontal plane –The plane dividing the body into front and back portions –Also called the Coronal plane

Anatomical Position

Movements of the Foot Inversion Turning the sole of the foot inward Eversion Turning the sole of the foot outward Dorsiflexion Ankle movement bringing the foot towards the shin Plantarflexion Ankle movement pointing the foot downward

Movements Lateral Flexion Side-bending left or right

Movements Rotation Turning on a single axis Circumduction Tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder External rotation Rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline Internal rotation Rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline

Movements Retraction Moving a part backward Protraction Moving a part forward Elevation Raising a part Depression Lowering a part

Movements Pronation Turning the arm or foot downward (palm or sole of the foot - down) Prone Supination Turning the arm or foot upward (palm or sole of the foot - up) Supine

Movements of the Foot Inversion Turning the sole of the foot inward Eversion Turning the sole of the foot outward Dorsiflexion Ankle movement bringing the foot towards the shin Plantarflexion Ankle movement pointing the foot downward

Movements Adduction Moving a body part towards the midline of the body Abduction Moving a body part away from the midline of the body

Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension

Additional Range of Motion

Movements Flexion Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones –In the Fetal Position we are flexing our joints Extension Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones –In the Anatomical Position we are extending our joints Hyperextension Excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position.

Positions and Directions Ventral Towards the front or belly –You Vent out or your nose and mouth. Dorsal Towards the back –Like the Dorsal fin of a dolphin.

Positions and Directions Superficial Refers to a structure being closer to the surface of the body than another structure Deep Refers to a structure being closer to the core of the body than another structure

Distal / Proximal Cont. When you divide the skeleton into Axial (Blue) and Appendicular (Yellow) you can better understand the extremities and their roots.

Positions and Directions Anterior Refers to a structure being more in front than another structure in the body Posterior Refers to a structure being more in back than another structure in the body

The Skeletal System: Structure of the bones of the bones

The Skeletal System Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Parts of the skeletal system  Bones (skeleton)  Joints  Cartilages  Ligaments (bone to bone)(tendon=bone to muscle)  Divided into two divisions  Axial skeleton  Appendicular skeleton – limbs and girdle

Bones are classified by their shape: 1.long 2.short 3.flat 4.irregular

Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.1

The Axial Skeleton Slide 5.20b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.6

Bones of the Skull Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.11

Allows for growth

Cranium Bones Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bone Parietal Bone

Human Skull, Superior View Slide 5.23 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.8

Human Skull, Inferior View Slide 5.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.9

The Hyoid Bone Slide 5.26 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The only bone that does not articulate with another bone  Serves as a moveable base for the tongue Figure 5.12

Vertebral column 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 1 sacrum 1 coccyx Vertebraes vary in shape & morpholgy

The Vertebral Column Slide 5.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs  The spine has a normal curvature  Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location Figure 5.14

Coccyx and Sacrum

The hip bone

Structure of a Typical Vertebrae Slide 5.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.16

Thoracic cage ribs thoracic vertebrae sternum costal cartilages True ribs are directly attached to the sternum (first seven pairs) Three false ribs are joined to the 7 th rib Two pairs of floating ribs

Rib Cage

47 The Bony Thorax  Made-up of three parts  Sternum  Ribs  Thoracic vertebrae  Forms a cage to protect major organs

Rib

51 Bones of the Shoulder Girdle

54 Bones of the Upper Limb  The arm is formed by a single bone  Humerus

56 Bones of the Upper Limb The forearm has two bones Ulna Radius

Radius and Ulna Radius on Top Ulna on Bottom

Metacarpus

Femur

Posterior & anterior views of the femur

Tibia & Fibula

Tibia bone

Foot bones

Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Arches of the foot - Figure 8.17