Bone tissue, axial and appendicular skeleton, articulations/movements Final exam review PPT 2

Exs of long, short, irregular, and flat bones Long exs leg and arm bones Short exs wrist and ankle bones Irregular exs facial, vertebrae Flat ex skull bones, sternum

Where red marrow is found in a long bone? epiphyses

The ‘shaft’ of a long bone is called the…

A cartilage cell is called… chondrocyte

Center cavity in diaphysis of long bone Medullary cavity

Trabeculae are units found in…. Spongy bone tissue

Unit of compact bone with concentric lamellae rings around a central canal Osteon or Haversian system

In an osteon, circular rings of compact bone tissue Concentric lamellae

Canal in the middle of an osteon Haversian canal (or osteonic canal)

Key cellular component of bone tissue….; found inside tiny cavities of compact bone called… Osteocytes lacunae osteocytes in

canals in an osteon radiating from lacunae canaliculi

Two minerals stored in bone matrix called lamella that are utilized in many places Ca and P

Bone building cell, giant bone eating/destroying cell Osteoblast, osteoclast

Ossification in leg and arm bones occurs when what turns to bone?? Cartilage turns to bone

The fetal skeleton is not made of bone, but of… Hyaline cartilage

A large rounded articular prominence on a bone head

A hole in a bone through which nerves and blood vessels pass foramen

A cavity in a skull bone lined with mucus membranes Paranasal sinus

These are where skull bones fuse sutures

A disorder, disintegration of articular cartilage due to wear and tear osteoarthritis

A disorder…degeneration of bone tissue, often occurs after menopause, bones porous osteoporosis

3 functions of skeletal system Support Protection Framework Hematopoiesis

Ribs, sternum, skull, vertebrae, are parts of the ___ skeleton. axial

Large opening in the occipital bone, spinal cord passes through it Foramen magnum

Suture between parietal bones sagittal

Bat-shaped or butterfly-shaped bone in skull, contains sella turcica Sphenoid bone

Suture between parietal and temporal bones squamosal

Skull bones parietal bones

Cheek bones zygomatic

How many (#) cervical vertebrae are there? 7

How many thoracic vertebrae are there? 12

# lumbar vertebrae? 5

Vertebra containing the dens which allows for head rotation C2 (axis)

Most inferior part of the sternum, rectus abdominis muscle attachment Xiphoid process

Superior part of the sternum articulates with clavicles attaches to rib prs 1-2 manubrium

Massive prominence on temporal bone for neck muscle attachment Mastoid process

Cartilage that connects true ribs #1-7 to sternum Costal cartilage

Disorder in which ligaments holding intervertebral disks in place weaken and disc slips pinching spinal nerve Herniated disc (disk)

# false ribs 3 prs false- prs #7-10 (2 prs false, but floating) prs #11-12

Posterior prominence on a vertebra Spinous process

Poterior prominence on a vertebra Spinous process

Bone where coxal bones articulate sacrum

a disorder that occurs when maxillae fail to fuse Cleft palate

center hole in a vertebra, spinal cord and vessels pass through it Vertebral foramen

Disorder; lateral curve of the spinal, usually in thoracic region scoliosis

Joint: where coxal bones of appendicular skeleton and sacrum of axial skeleton articulate Sacroiliac joint

Kneecap is the bone called the.. patella

Upper arm bone humerus

The five bones in the palm of the hand are the…

Upper lip bone

Shin bone, medial lower leg bone tibia

Lateral, lower leg bone fibula

Lateral lower arm bone radius

The capitulum is on the distal end of this upper arm bone humerus

The ‘shoulder blade’ is the… scapula

Depression on scapula, articulates with head of the humerus Glenoid cavity cavity

Depression or socket on coxal bone, articulates with head of femur acetabulum

The tarsus that forms the heel calcaneus

The tarsus that articulates with distal end of the tibia talus

Wrist bones carpals

The bump on the inner ankle (on distal end of the tibia) Medial malleolus

Type of articulation; moves in ‘all planes AND allows rotation’ circumduction

Type of synovial joint that allows flexion/extension Hinge joint

Inside the knee, this ligament crosses behind the other one PCL

A movement…turning the palm anteriorally or superiorally supination

A ‘bag of synovial fluid’ found in an articulation, prevents friction between bones and ligaments

Structure that attaches bone to bone Ligaments (in red)

Movement of body part towards the midline adduction

Types of synovial joints that allow circumduction Condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket Except condyloid and saddle do NOT allow rotation

An invasive diagnostic technique to study inside of joints arthroscopy

Ligament on lateral side of knee LCL – lateral collateral ligament

‘shock absorbers’ in the knee, made of fibrocartilage menisci

Ligament inside knee towards the front ACL or anterior cruciate ligament

Ligament that inserts at the tibial tuberosity Patellar ligament

What type of movement does the tibiofemoral (knee) joint allow????

Which synovial joint allows for the most types of movements? Ball & Socket!

What type of joints are found in the wrist and ankles?? Fibrous/immovable joints!

ESSAY and other questions Knee structure- bones, ligaments, tendon, others Arthroscopy and 3 C injuries of knee and how arthroscopy can be used to repair injuries including allografts and autografts

Knee anatomy- structures of the knee (tibiofemoral) joint

Knee (tibiofemoral) joint physiology Bones- articulation of condyles of femur with condyles of tibia, and patella with patellar surface of femur Tendon- attaches muscle to bone- quads tendon attaches quads mscules to patellar ligament and then to tibial tuberosity of tibia Ligaments- attach bone to bone and provide movement but stability- ACL, PCL, & MCL from femur to tibia and LCL from femur to fibula Other structures- articular cartilage- prevents friction on ends of bone; menisci- cushion and shock absorption between femur and tibia; bursa- prevent friction between bone and ligament synovial fluid- prevents friction between bones

Arthroscopy Small incision, lighted camera inserted, view on monitor, to examine, or repair, joint problems Other small incisions for additional tools to fix problems- tweezers, shaver, probe, vacuum, etc Arthroscopy used for tears such as 3 C’s- torn ligaments such as torn cruciate (ACL) or torn collateral (MCL) or torn cartilage (meniscus) Sew or use allograft transplant for torn meniscus Sew tear or use transplants to fix torn ligaments such as MCL and ACL- autograft (piece of own quads or hamstrings tendon) or allograft (cadaver’s ligament)