Unit 4: Two-Dimensional Kinematics

Difference between 1-D and 2-D  One Dimension Up / Down Back / Forth Left / Right Example:  Driving a car down a straight street  Two dimension Projectiles Vertical & Horizontal motion Example:  Throwing something up in the air to someone else

Section A: Projectile Motion  Corresponding Book Sections: 4.1, 4.2  PA Assessment Anchors S11.C.3.1

Projectile Motion  Motion of objects that are launched  Objects continue moving under only the influence of gravity.

Basic assumptions of this unit… 1. Horizontal and Vertical motions are independent In other words…treat the horizontal motion as if the vertical motion weren’t there, and vice-versa You may need to use quantities in both directions, but you treat them separately (i.e.: Separate equations)

Basic assumptions of this unit… 2. Ignore air resistance We all know that air resistance exists, but to make our lives easier, we’re going to ignore it Otherwise, the problems get too hard!!

Basic assumptions of this unit… 3. We also ignore the rotation of the Earth If we were to include the rotation of the Earth, we’d need to include that force in all of the problems…and why would we want to do that?

Basic assumptions of this unit… 4. The acceleration of gravity is always 9.8 m/s 2 and pulls in the downward direction This is the same from the last unit. Just remember, if:  You say ↑ is positive, g is negative  You say ↑ is negative, g is positive

Basic assumptions of this unit… 5. Gravity only affects the motion in the y- direction and has no effect on the x-direction. Think about it…if we’re analyzing the motion separately (vertical and horizontal), when we look at the horizontal motion, gravity doesn’t affect that motion.

The basic kinematics equations… 2-D

Getting Components for the Equations  The equations are the same, they just analyze the x and y directions separately  Remember from vectors: A x = A cos θ A y = A sin θ v ox = v o cos θ v oy = v o sin θ so......

Two ways to solve the turtle problem... Method #1 Using vector principles Problem: How far has the turtle traveled in 5 s (both x and y dir)? 1 m

Two ways to solve the turtle problem... Problem: How far has the turtle traveled in 5 s (both x and y dir)? Method #2 Using kinematics equations =.2 m/s

Practice Problem #1  Refer to Example 4-1 on page 79

Practice Problem #2  Refer to Example 4-2 on Page 80

Section B: Zero Launch Angle  Corresponding Book Sections: 4.3  PA Assessment Anchors S11.C.3.1

Zero Launch Angle  Projectile launched horizontally In other words, the angle between initial velocity and horizontal is 0°

Practice Problem #1  Refer to Example 4-3 on page 84

Section C: General Launch Angle  Corresponding Book Sections: 4.4  PA Assessment Anchors S11.C.3.1

General Launch Angle  A particle launched at some angle above the horizontal These are considerably more difficult than the zero-launch angle problem

Practice Problem #1  Refer to Example 4-5 on page 88-89