1 Special Topics in Computer Engineering Supervised by Dr. Walid Abu-Sufah Jordan University Department of Computer Engineering

Mazin M. Alzaidi Jordan University Department of Computer Engineering

 [1] 3GPP, “Group Services and System Aspects; 3GPP Systems to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Interworking; System Description (Release 7),” TS v.7.4.0, May  [2] Ahmavaara, K., Haverinen, H., and Pichna, R. (2003)`Interworking architecture between 3GPP and WLAN systems', IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol. 41, No. 11, pp.74{81.  [3] Song, W., Zhuang, W., and Saleh, A. (2005) `Interworking of 3G cellular networks and wireless LANs', International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing (IJWMC), Vol. x, no. x, pp.xxx{xxx. 3

 3G  WLAN  PACKET SWITCHING  CIRCUIT SWITCHING  Evolution of 3G  GPRS  3G Core network  3G/WLAN INTERWORKING 4

 Circuit switching.  Wide area coverage.  Low data Rate.  High security.  High QoS.  High reliability. 5

 Packet switching.  High data rate.  Low security.  Low QoS.  Low reliability.  Low area coverage. 6

Application layer Transfer layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer SEGMENT PACKET FRAME 0, 1 7

 Connectionless oriented service(IP networks).  A network technology that breaks up a message into packets.  Each packet contains a header.  Packets may be fragmented.  They can arrive out of order.  The destination reassembles the message. 8

User 1 packets link User 3 User 4 User 2 User 5 9

User 1 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 2 packets link 10

 A networking technology that provides a temporary, but dedicated connection between two stations.  Establishes a dedicated circuit (or channel) before the users may communicate.  Transfer of data.  The circuit is terminated when the connection is closed. 11

User 1 circuit User 3 User 4 User 2 User 5 link 12

User 1 circuit User 2 User 5 User 3 User 4 link 13

 The technology used going from GSM towards 3G is General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). GSM 3G EVOLUTION 14

 Two new network elements integrated into the GSM architecture : 1)GGSN (gateway GPRS support node ): internetworking unit between GPRS and packet data network( IP multimedia, MMS,Internet). 2)SGSN (serving GPRS support node): supports the mobile station (location, billing, security). GPRS SGSNGSMGGSN 15

16 c CS Domain SGSNGGSN GMSC MSC/VLR HLRAuC To Packet Network To Circuit Network To Access Network PS Domain

 Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) :telephone exchange.  Home Location Registration(HLR) :a database for subscribers.  Visitor Location Register(VLR) :temporary database of the subscribers.  Authentication Centre(AuC) :is a function to authenticate each SIM card that connects to the GSM network.  Gateway MSC(GMSC) :gateway for handling incoming calls. 17

3G Wide area coverage Circuit switching / low data rate WLAN Limited area coverage Packet switching / High data rate 18

3G Wide area coverage Circuit switching / low data rate WLAN Limited area coverage Packet switching / High data rate 19

3G Wide area coverage Circuit switching / low data rate WLAN Limited area coverage Packet switching / High data rate 20

 Ubiquitous connectivity.  High-rate data services. 21

 The heterogeneous technologies employed in 3G cellular networks and WLANs bring many challenges to the interworking.  mobility management.  security Support.  quality of service (QoS). 22

1 ) Requires common billing and customer care. 2 ) 3G subscriber roaming to the WLAN is authenticated and charged by its 3G home network. 3 )The 3G packet-switched services are also open to users attached to WLAN. 4,5 )Improve the third scenario with higher requirements for services continuity. 6 ) Allows the access to the 3G circuit-switched services via WLANs. 23

Figure 3: Non Roaming WLAN Inter-working Model 24

 UE: user equipment.  HLR/HSS: entity containing authentication and subscription data.  WAG (WLAN Access Gateway): is a gateway via which the data to/from the WLAN Access Network shall be routed.  PDG(Packet Data Gateway): 3GPP PS services are accessed via PDG.  Authentication Authorization Accounting server(AAA): Authentication identifies the user. Authorization determine which services a valid user may access. Accounting keeps track of time for billing. 25

Figure 4: Roaming reference model - 3GPP PS based services provided via the 3GPP Home Network 26

27

Node B RNC Node B SGSNGGSN SGSN PSTN HSS (HLR) AAA Internet AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network IWG HA FA Access router IP backbone network HSS/ HLR Operator‘s IP network GPRS core network lub UTRAN WLAN-based IP network Distribution system WLAN AP WLAN AP WLAN AP lub lu-CS lur Gn D Gc GnGi Gr lu-PS MMS IP multimedia 28

Node B RNC Node B SGSNGGSN SGSN PSTN HSS (HLR) AAA Internet AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network IWG HA FA Access router IP backbone network HSS/ HLR Operator‘s IP network GPRS core network lub UTRAN WLAN-based IP network Distribution system WLAN AP WLAN AP WLAN AP lub lu-CS lur Gn D Gc GnGi Gr lu-PS MMS IP multimedia 29 3G Core network

Node B RNC Node B SGSNGGSN SGSN PSTN HSS (HLR) AAA Internet AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network IWG HA FA Access router IP backbone network HSS/ HLR Operator‘s IP network GPRS core network lub UTRAN WLAN-based IP network Distribution system WLAN AP WLAN AP WLAN AP lub lu-CS lur Gn D Gc GnGi Node B RNC Node B SGSNGGSN SGSN PSTN HSS (HLR) AAA Internet AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network IWG HA FA Access router IP backbone network HSS/ HLR Operator‘s IP network GPRS core network lub UTRAN WLAN-based IP network Distribution system WLAN AP WLAN AP WLAN AP lub lu-CS lur Gn D Gc GnGi Gr lu-PS 30 Cellular Network Circuit Switching MMS IP multimedia

Node B RNC Node B SGSNGGSN SGSN PSTN HSS (HLR) AAA Internet AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network IWG HA FA Access router IP backbone network HSS/ HLR Operator‘s IP network GPRS core network lub UTRAN WLAN-based IP network Distribution system WLAN AP WLAN AP WLAN AP lub lu-CS lur Gn D Gc GnGi RNC HSS (HLR) AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network HSS/ HLR lu-CS lur D Gr lu-PS 31 MMS IP multimedia

Node B RNC Node B SGSNGGSN SGSN PSTN HSS (HLR) AAA proxy Internet AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network IWG HA FA Access router IP backbone network HSS/ HLR Operator‘s IP network GPRS core network lub UTRAN WLAN-based IP network Distribution system WLAN AP WLAN AP WLAN AP lub lu-CS lur Gn D Gc GnGi RNC HSS (HLR) AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network HSS/ HLR lu-CS lur D Gr lu-PS 32 Packet Switching MMS IP multimedia

Node B RNC Node B SGSNGGSN SGSN PSTN HSS (HLR) AAA proxy Internet AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network IWG HA FA Access router IP backbone network HSS/ HLR Operator‘s IP network GPRS core network lub UTRAN WLAN-based IP network Distribution system WLAN AP WLAN AP WLAN AP lub lu-CS lur Gn D Gc GnGi RNC HSS (HLR) AAA MSC/ VLR CS core network HSS/ HLR lu-CS lur D Gr lu-PS 33 Packet Switching MMS IP multimedia

34