Extreme convection: WRF volcano plume model  Resting atmosphere – U.S. Standard atmosphere; dry;  Different thermal perturbations at “vent”; order of.

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Presentation transcript:

Extreme convection: WRF volcano plume model  Resting atmosphere – U.S. Standard atmosphere; dry;  Different thermal perturbations at “vent”; order of ~ 100K (requires 0.1s timestep)  Tracer released at “vent”  “Circular” vent  Results look like plumes, but -  Do they follow various theoretical models of plume behaviour? WRF configuration: 100m resolution (25km x 25km), 141 vertical levels, 30km top

25km Aspect ratio = 1:1 ~15km

Turner, Buoyancy effects in Fluids b = (6/5)αz, b = radial lengthscale α = entrainment constant α = 0.10 (from Turner 1978) gives b ~ z/8 gradient ~1/8 gradient = 0.25 Theory courtesy Mark Woodhouse

Constant background wind speed of 10m/s (left to right) When plume is bent over, “tornado”-type structures can be produced near to plume centreline Depends upon V/V j Fric et al 1994

Land-based Renewables Project: downscaling ERA40 data to determine the effect of climate change on crops (willow, miscanthus). Modelled distribution of wind speeds Dec – Feb 1962 for 6 AWS sites in Yorkshire, ~6km apart. N.B. different distributions. Outer domain windspeeds during Feb storm (9km resolution). 110,000 houses damaged in Sheffield. WRF captures storm very well. Inner domain (#3 of 3) – 1km resolution Test case for Dec Feb Storm seen in tail of distributions

Modelling of deep convection: COPS case study WRF: 2 domains 3.6 & 1.2km resolution, 2-way feedback 50 vertical levels

Observations: radar reflect. Models: precip. amount UM WRF-UK MESO-NH AROME COSMO

UM WRF-UK Mixing ratios: Models Observation

Summary (1)  WRF has been run at variety of scales (100m to several kms)  Reproduces theoretical concepts of volcanic plume behaviour  Reproduces well a case of isolated deep convection, with caveats:  Modelled results very sensitive to choice of BL scheme (MYJ scheme needed to get deep convection)  Modelled results very sensitive to choice of land surface scheme (NOAH scheme needed to get deep convection)