Isolation and the Evolution of New Species. Learning Objectives 1.To know how new species arise. 1.To understand how a population becomes isolated. 1.To.

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Isolation and the Evolution of New Species

Learning Objectives 1.To know how new species arise. 1.To understand how a population becomes isolated. 1.To know whether new species form at the same rate. 1.To know how speciation takes place in an isolated population. (Higher)

How have these fossils formed?

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species After a mass extinction, a huge number of new species appear in the fossil records. This is evolution in action.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species Natural selection takes place and new organisms adapted to different conditions evolve.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species Any population of living organisms contain genetic variation. If one population becomes isolated they will probably be living in different conditions.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species Two populations might change so much over time that they can not interbreed. This is a new species.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species The most common way species become isolated is by geographical isolation. This is when two populations become physically isolated ie, a new river or mountains.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species An example; Australia became separated from other continents over 5 million years ago. Marsupial mammals (carry babies in pouches) became isolated.

Natural selection caused many marsupials to evolve. Across the rest of the world competition resulted in other mammals evolving with more efficient reproductive systems. Marsupials remain dominant in Australia.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species When species evolve in isolation and found in only one place in the world, it is said to be endemic. Places like Borneo have many endemic species.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species Mount Bosavi is a crater of an extinct volcano in Papua New Guinea. The animals and plants that live inside it have evolved differently to those outside the crater.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species Speciation when original species can no longer interbreed with the new species.

Isolation and the Evolution of New Species Ways for speciation to happen - Higher tier New species can also arise as a result of: Genetic variation - where each population has a wide range of alleles that control their characteristics. Natural selection - where the alleles which help an organism to survive are selected in each population. Speciation - where the populations become so different that successful interbreeding cannot happen anymore.