Chapter 10 Section 1 The Divisive Politics of slavery By: Elyssia Elias, Candelaria Fernandez, and Anabelle Silkworth The Divisive Politics of slavery By: Elyssia Elias, Candelaria Fernandez, and Anabelle Silkworth

I.Differences between the north and the south A.Industry and Immigration in the North 1.North and South have become political polar opposites 2.The North industrialized rapidly as factories made a. Textiles b. Sewing c. Farm equipment d. Guns 3.Railroads carried raw materials eastward and manufactured goods and settlers westward A.Industry and Immigration in the North 1.North and South have become political polar opposites 2.The North industrialized rapidly as factories made a. Textiles b. Sewing c. Farm equipment d. Guns 3.Railroads carried raw materials eastward and manufactured goods and settlers westward

4. Immigrants from Europe entered the industrial workplace in growing numbers a. Many become voters with a strong opposition to slavery 5. European Immigrants feared slavery expansion a. Slave labor might bring competition with free labor or people who worked for wages b. It threatened to reduce the status of white workers who could not successfully compete with slaves B. Agriculture and Slavery in the South 1. Unlike the North, the South remained a predominantly rural society a. It consisted mostly of plantations and small farms b. They relied on crops like cotton - After the invention of the cotton gin, Cotton was in high demand - This dramatically increased the demand for slave - The slave population then took up 1/3 of the South's population 2. The South used rivers and canals to transport goods

II. Slavery in the Territories 1. The Wilmot Proviso divided Congress along regional lines 2. The Proviso was supposed to close slavery forever 3. Many Southerners opposed the proviso a. They feared it would shift power permanently to the North 4. The House of Representatives approved the Proviso 5. The Senate decided to decline the Proviso 1. The Wilmot Proviso divided Congress along regional lines 2. The Proviso was supposed to close slavery forever 3. Many Southerners opposed the proviso a. They feared it would shift power permanently to the North 4. The House of Representatives approved the Proviso 5. The Senate decided to decline the Proviso A. The Wilmot Proviso

B. Statehood for California 1. Due to gold rush, California had grown in population very quickly 2. In late 1850, California held a constitutional convention: a. Adopted a state constitution b. Elected governor and legislature c. Agreed to join the Union 3. The state's constitution forbid slavery, which alarmed many Southerners 4. General Zachary Taylor, who succeeded Polk as president in 1849, supported California's admission as a free state 5. The Southerners saw this as a move to block slavery in the territories and as an attack on the Southern way of life- and began to question whether the South should remain in the Union

III. The senate debates 1. California becoming a state caused many problems a. the north and south fought over whether or not is should be a free or slave state 2. Henry Clay worked hard to shape a compromise that both North and the South could accept 3. He gained the support of his old rival, Daniel Webster 4. They presented a series of resolutions to the Senate a. It was later called the Compromise of California becoming a state caused many problems a. the north and south fought over whether or not is should be a free or slave state 2. Henry Clay worked hard to shape a compromise that both North and the South could accept 3. He gained the support of his old rival, Daniel Webster 4. They presented a series of resolutions to the Senate a. It was later called the Compromise of 1850 A. Clay's Compromise

5. They'd hoped it would settle "all questions in controversy between the free and slave states, growing out of the subject of slavery" B. Terms of the Compromise 1. The Compromise contained provisions to appease the North and South 2. The Northerners were pleased because... a. California was admitted as a free state b. It limited slavery in Texas 3. The Southerners were pleased because... a. The money would help defray Texas' expenses and debts b. Fugitive slave acts required free states to help capture and return escaped slaves

4. One of the provisions allowed residents of New Mexico and Utah popular sovereignty a. Popular Sovereignty- is the right of residents of a territory to vote for or against slavery 5. The sale of slaves was also banned in Columbia but slavery itself could continue there 6. Texas – New Mexico boundary dispute was resolved a. Texas was paid $10 million by the federal government

The senate debates 1. Within a month of Clay's speech, Calhoun presented the Southern case for slavery in the territories a. Calhoun was 3 days later by Daniel Webster 2. Webster urged the Northerners to try to compromise with the South by passing a stricter fugitive slave law 3. He warned Southern firebrands to think cautiously about the danger of secession 1. Within a month of Clay's speech, Calhoun presented the Southern case for slavery in the territories a. Calhoun was 3 days later by Daniel Webster 2. Webster urged the Northerners to try to compromise with the South by passing a stricter fugitive slave law 3. He warned Southern firebrands to think cautiously about the danger of secession C. Calhoun and Webster Respond

D. The Compromise is Adopted 1. In July, the Senate rejected the proposed compromise 2. Stephen A. Douglas then developed a shrewd plan to avoid another defeat 3. Douglas unbundled the package of resolutions and reintroduced them one at a time a. Congressman could obtain the majority vote for the provisions he liked and to vote against 4. The death of President Taylor aided Douglas's efforts 5. Millard Fillmore made it very clear he supported the Compromise 6. After eight months, the Compromise of 1850 was voted into law 7. President Fillmore embraced the compromise as the "final settlement" of the question of slavery and sectional differences