Ferrofluids.

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Presentation transcript:

Ferrofluids

Ferrofluids: Magnetic Liquids Liquid That Responds to a Magnetic Field = Colloidal Suspension of Superparamagnetic Magnetic Material

How Does A Magnetic Liquid Work? 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 8NH3 + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 8NH4Cl Tetramethylammonium Cation (NH4+) Electrostatic Repulsion Hydroxide Anion (OH-) ~ 10nm Berger, P.; Adelman, N. B.; Beckman, K. J.; Campbell, D. J.; Ellis, A. B.; Lisensky, G. C. Journal of Chemical Education 1999, 76, 943-8.

Synthesis of Magnetite Nanocrystals FeCl3 + 3NH4OH → FeO(OH) + 3NH4Cl + H2O FeCl2 + 2NH4OH → Fe(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl 2FeO(OH) + Fe(OH)2 → Fe3O4 + 2H2O Processes: 1) Nucleation 2) Growth 3) Termination + + + + → + → + + + + + Fe(III) coordinates to 6 water molecules and Fe(II) coordinates to 4 water molecules (not shown) until the solid forms The water molecules on the periphery of the magnetite are ultimately replaced by tetramethylammonium hydroxide + + + + + + + + +

Unique Properties Stick to Magnets Take on 3-Dimensional Shape of a Magnetic Field Change Density in Proportion to Magnetic Field Strength

Applications Inks Biomedical Damping Seals money attach drugs to magnetic particles, proposed artificial heart Damping speakers, graphic plotters, instrument gauges Seals gas lasers, motors, blowers, hard drives Berger, P.; Adelman, N. B.; Beckman, K. J.; Campbell, D. J.; Ellis, A. B.; Lisensky, G. C. Journal of Chemical Education 1999, 76, 943-8.

Damping: Speakers Rosensweig, R. E. Scientific American 1982, 247, 136-45. See how a speaker works at: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/speaker6.htm

Damping: Rotating Shafts Cross-sectional view of a ferrofluid viscous inertia damper Energy band gap apparatus Ray, K.; Moskowitz, B.; Casciari, R. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 1995, 149, 174-180.

Seals Atmosphere Vacuum Rotating Shaft Ferrofluid Magnetically Permeable Material Permanent Magnet Rosensweig, R. E. Scientific American 1982, 247, 136-45.