Do Now Get the boxes of your graphic organizer ready for protein and nucleic acid notes.

Proteins Proteins are large organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur.

Proteins Proteins molecules are long chains (polymers) of simpler units (monomers) called amino acids Amino acids bond together to form polypeptide chains which form proteins

There are 20 different amino acids found in living things Because these 20 amino acids can connect in any sequence, there are tens of thousands of different types of proteins

Formation of a Protein Amino Acid + Amino Acid + Amino Acid = Polypeptide Chain = PROTEIN!! + +

Why are proteins important? Proteins are the “building blocks” of cells – they make up most of the solid parts of cells Proteins make up our hair, fingernails, ligaments, and tendons

Proteins are also important for cell growth, repair and maintenance

Some proteins are enzymes that control all chemical reactions in the body. For example, enzymes in your saliva speed up the digestion of food by breaking down starches into sugars in your mouth What are some other ways that proteins are important?

What types of foods are high in protein? Foods that contain protein include meat, eggs, fish, nuts, and beans

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are very long, spiral- shaped molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus..

Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids are polymers that are made up of smaller units (monomers) called nucleotides

Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen base

There are five different nitrogen bases in nucleotides: Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine (DNA only), and Uracil (RNA only) Thymine Nucleotide

DNA and RNA are two kinds of nucleic acids. DNA controls the cell’s activities and holds the “secret” code (blueprint) for proteins RNA reads DNA’s code and carries the code to the ribosomes so they can arrange amino acids in the right order to make the correct proteins.

DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid Located in the nucleus Double stranded molecule Nucleotides include: guanine, cytosine, thymine and adenine DNA determines the traits of all living things DNA controls production of proteins

RNA – Ribonucleic Acid Located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm Single stranded molecule Nucleotides include guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil RNA gives ribosomes DNA’s instructions for making proteins

Let’s review what we’ve learned about nucleic acids!

Quarter 1 Reflection What grade did you get in science first quarter? Was it better or worse than what you expected? What will you do second quarter to keep or improve your science grade?