Ecology- study of interactions among organisms and their environment. Ecosystem- all the organisms living together with their environment BIOTIC FACTORS- living organisms. Ex. Animals, fungi, bacteria, plants ABIOTIC FACTORS- nonliving parts. Ex air, water, rocks, sand, light, and temperature.

What is the source of energy in this ecosystem? What path does energy take to get to the hawk?

Ecosystem Basic Design Species- a group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring. Population- a group of organisms of the same species that live together. Community- a group various species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other. Biome- specific habitat in which the community lives. Defined by temperature and vegetation.

A Food Chain is a simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem. ?

Herbivores- plant eaters Omnivores- eat plants and animals Carnivores- eat animals Decomposers- breakdown organic compound Ex. Fungi, bacteria

A Food Chain is drawn using arrows to indicate the direction in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next.

Each organism in a food chain represents a feeding step, or Trophic Level, in the passage of energy and materials

A food chain represents only one possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem. Many other routs may exist. A Food Web is made up of many interconnected food chains and shows all the possible feeding relationships within a community,

Use the diagram on the right to answer the following questions: Who is the producer in this food web? Algae

How many different food chains involve Squid? 6

What are they? algae  small animals  squid  elephant seal  killer whale algae  squid  killer whale algae  squid  leopard seal  killer whale algae  small animals  squid  elephant seal  leopard seal  killer whale algae  small animals  squid  killer whale algae  small animals  squid  leopard seal  killer whale

10% Rule Each time an organism eats another organism, energy transfer occurs. 90% of the energy at each trophic level is used to carry out functions of living Only 10% is available to the next trophic level.

Using what we know about energy, how much energy would be available to the leopard seal using this food chain if algae begins with 250,000 units? ,000 25,000 2, What about the killer whale? 25 25

In the diagram above, which organisms are considered primary consumers

In the diagram above, which organisms are considered secondary consumers

Which organisms are considered both secondary and tertiary consumers?