MR. CLIFFORD CHAPTER 7.2 NATIONALISM AT CENTER STAGE

MAIN IDEA AND WHY IT MATTERS MAIN IDEA: Nationalism exerted a strong influence in the courts, foreign affairs, and westward expansion in the early 1800s. WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Nationalism continues to affect such decisions as whether or not we should involve the country in foreign conflicts and what limits can be placed on business, communications, and other trade.

THE SUPREME COURT BOOSTS NATIONAL POWER Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Aaron Ogden attained a state license from NY to operate a steamship line on Hudson River from New York to New Jersey. Thomas Gibbons attained a federal license & began running a service on same stretch of river as Ogden. Ogden took Gibbons to court to stop him. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Gibbons stating that interstate commerce was a Federal Government entity. ensured that federal government has power to regulate almost anything that crosses state lines. EFFECT: future Court rulings favored competition over monopolies (Nationalism exerted a strong influence on the legal system.) G-WAYkxdw G-WAYkxdw

STRENGTHENING GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC CONTROL McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Could a state government tax the federal government ? 1819: Bank of the United States opened in Maryland. The state of Maryland did not want the bank to take customers away from Maryland’s state bank. Maryland levied a heavy fine on the Bank of US hoping that it would fail. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the ‘Supremacy Clause’ in the Constitution gave the federal government authority over the state government. The ‘necessary & proper’ clause or elastic clause gave the federal government the authority to create laws that are not directly written in the Constitution. EFFECT: States cannot tax the federal government

LIMITING STATE POWERS Under Chief Justice Marshall ruled in favor of the federal government which expanded its power over the states Fletcher v. Peck (1810) is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in which the Supreme Court first ruled a state law unconstitutional.United States Supreme Court Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) The decision settled the nature of public versus private charters and resulted in the rise of the American business corporation and the American free enterprise system. [1]free enterprise system [1]

NATIONALISM SHAPES FOREIGN POLICY Secretary of State John Quincy Adams established foreign policy guided by nationalism. a.) Territory & Boundaries : Secretary of State Adams’ top priority - ensure the nation was secure - ensure we are able to expand our territory to the west. Secretary of State Adams’ accomplishments 1.) Reduced the fleets of both nations on the Great Lakes. 2.) Rush-Bagot Treaty: US & Britain would demilitarize their common boarder (Canada). 3.) Convention of 1818: fixed the US boarder at the 49 th parallel up to the Rocky Mountains. 4.) Reached a compromise with Britain to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory, (territory west of the Rockies) for ten years. 5.) Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): - Spain ceded Florida to the US and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory.

MONROE DOCTRINE ISSUES WITH FOREIGN NATIONS 1815: Spain and Portugal were looking to reclaim there former colonies in Latin America. Russia, who owned Alaska since 1784, was establishing trading posts in present day California. United States did NOT want foreign nations moving into areas the US believed they would eventually acquire. MONROE DOCTRINE 1823: President James Monroe warned ALL outside powers NOT TO INTEFERE with affairs in the Western Hemisphere. Not attempt to create new colonies Try to overthrow newly independent republics in the hemisphere US would consider such actions “dangerous to our peace and safety”. In return, the US would not involve itself in European affairs or interfere with existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere. Q

NATIONALISM PUSHES AMERICA WEST American settlers pushed into the Northwest Territory (present day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan) turning lush prairies into farms and waterfronts into city centers. a.) Expansion to the West Most settlers went west in search of economic gain (land was fertile, plentiful, and CHEAP) Settlers could easily change their occupation in order to benefit from the land. (fur trading, rancher, scout, hunter, etc.) Many settlers would form economic/social relationships with Native American tribes benefitting both groups.

MISSOURI COMPROMISE - The Union consisted of 10 Free States & 10 Slave States. o 1811: Illinois became the 11 Free State o 1818: Alabama became the 11 Slave State o 1819: Missouri requested admission to the Union. (House of Representatives passed bill forcing Missouri to gradually free their slaves. Senate blocked bill) -Slave states claimed Northerners were trying to end slavery -Northerners accused Southerners of attempting to spread the slavery into new territories. -Both sides begun discussing a possible civil war and the end of the Union.

HENRY CLAY: THE GREAT COMPROMISER Under Clay’s leadership, Congress resolved the crisis by creating and ratifying the Missouri Compromise. Maine was admitted as a free state: 24 Senators from Free States Missouri admitted as a slave state: 24 Senators from Slave States Louisiana Territory was split into two spheres of interest. (North: FREE South: SLAVE) Dividing Line: 36°30’ North Latitude *Issue of SLAVERY would be temporarily resolved*