  Warm Up  Interwar Notes/Discussion  Video  Students will be able to describe the impact the League of Nations and the Depression has on the world and the rise of dictators. Feb. 26, 2016

  Why would the US and Japan be better off economically after the war?  Neither had been a wartime battlefield.  Both expanded their trade during the war.  Europe’s dominance in the world had declined and the long brutal fighting had drained the continent’s resources. Every European country is suffering economically. Only the US and Japan came out of the war in better financial shape than before.

  Born June 28,1919  Goal: collective security and peaceful settlements  Disarmament, Diplomacy, Cooperation  Outlined in Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points  US NEVER JOINS THE LEAGUE  What are 2 issues with the League identified in these political cartoons League of Nations

 Mandate System

 What is this describing?

 1.German Reparations – had borrowed money to fund WWI and was forced to pay back damages in GOLD 2.US Dominance of the Global Economy- when US had issues (Stock Market Crash), it affected the rest of the world 3.High Protective Tariffs by the US and other nations Causes of the Great Depression

 4. Excessive expansion of credit - people were able to buy stocks with as little as which is the equivalent to gambling with borrowed money 5. Stock Market Crash of Market drops 22% with $30 billion lost - will not bounce back until 1954 Causes of Depression (continued)

  HIGH unemployment in all industrialized nations  Bank failure and collapse of credit  Collapse of prices in world trade  Nazi Party’s growing importance in Germany and blaming Jews for collapse Impact of Worldwide Depression



 German Inflation

  Ultimate portrayal of Fascism  Fought in WWI with the Entente when Italy switched sides in 1915  Mussolini tried to save Italy from “Class Warfare”  Formed Black Shirts  Goal was to maintain order in Italy  Interrupted Communist parades with force  Government did not interfere with them…why? Benito Mussolini

  March on Rome  Coup d’etat  Overthrew King Victor Emmanuel III in a 3 day march on Rome  Wanted to return the glory of Rome  Invasion of Ethiopia 1935  Wanted Empire  Europe denounced attack  Used mustard gas (BANNED 10 years ago)  Italy and Ethiopia were both members of the League of Nations Mussolini (continued)

 Attack in Ethiopia ITALY TROOPS:...500,000 TANKS: ………800 PLANES:…… DEATHS: …….500 ETHIOPIA ………800,000 ……………...3 ……………...0 ………275,000

  At this point, the USSR was entrenched in Communism  Stalin wanted to rapidly industrialize and modernize  Five Year Plan  Agricultural quotas (collectivization of farms)  Rapid industrialization – state seized everything  NO PRIVATE OWNERSHIP  Many were overworked and died  How was this different from Lenin’s NEP? Joseph Stalin “The Man of Steel” and the USSR

  Indoctrination of the people through Propaganda (Pravda)  Great Purge: Stalin executed his political enemies and many leaders from the Bolshevik Revolution (October/ November Revolution) Stalin’s Reign (How did he stay in power?)

 Adolf Hitler (The Fuhrer) & Germany

  Germany had borrowed all of their money to fund WWI  Had to pay back reparations in GOLD  Germans printed more money which led to HYPERINFLATION Hitler: The Role of the Depression

  Treaty of Versailles claimed that Germany had to have a Democratic government  Appointed a beloved WWI hero as President  Communists and Nazis both hated the government (and each other)  Blamed the Weimar Republic for WWI loss and bad economy  Nicknamed “November Criminals”  Many attempted to overthrow Weimar- Hitler tried and failed in 1923 Failure of Democracy in the Weimar Republic

  Founded in roots go back for centuries  Beliefs  Extreme nationalism  Strong government under Furher (leader)  Anti-minority (especially Jews)- Anti-Semetism  Anti-Democracy (gives voice to minority)  Militarism  Hierarchy of race with “Aryans” at the top  Anti-communist  Hitler gains control of this party in 1921 National Socialism (Nazism)

  Beer Hall Putsh (1923) tried to overthrow Weimar Republic  Wrote Mein Kampf while in prison ( )  Reichstag Fire February 1933 – allowed Hitler to come to power  Enabling Act March 1933  Nuremberg laws 1935 (anti- Semetic laws) The Rise of Hitler

 Hideki Tojo and Hirohito

  1854: Matthew Perry opens Japan up to the West  1868: Meiji Restoration – Japan gets rid of Tokugawa Shogunate which leads to rapid industrialization and modernization  1930s Militarization  Leaders were descendants of the Samurai  Universal military conscription  Led push for invasions Japan

  1931: Japan is in need of natural resources  Japan invades China  League of Nations does nothing  1940: Japan needs more raw materials – Japan invades Vietnam  American Response: cutoff Japan’s supply of scrap metal, oil, and froze assets in US  Closed Panama Canal  Japan’s Prime Minister resigns and the top general is appointed Japan’s Modernization

  Japanese General  Leads attacks of Mongolia and Manchuria  Responsible for Pearl Harbor attacks  Emperor Hirohito is powerless Hideki Tojo

  How did WWI directly and indirectly cause the issues seen in the interwar period?  Out of all of the dictators, who do you feel is the “most evil”? Use some sort of way of determining this and be prepared to defend your POV. Reflection