Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to: 1-Describe legal aspects of administering medications. 2-Identify physiologic factors and individual variables affecting medication action. 3-Describe various routes of medication administration. 4-Identify essential parts of a medication order.
5-List examples of various types of medication orders. 6-State systems of measurement that are used in the administration of medications. 7-List six essential steps to follow when administering medication. 8-Describe physiologic changes in order adults that alter medication administration and effectiveness. 9-Outline steps requires to administer oral medications safely.
Definition A medication is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of a symptom or for prevention of disease.
The administration of drugs in both the United States and Canada is controlled by law. Nurses need to (a) know how nursing practice acts in their areas define and limit their functions, (b) be able to recognize the limits of their own knowledge and skill.
The 1-therapeutic effect of a drug, 2-A side effect, or 3-secondary effect, effects or reactions. 4-Drug allergy. 5- Allergic reaction.
Oral. Sublingual. Buccal. Perenteral. Subcutaneous. Intramuscular. Intradermal. Intravenous. Topical.
Some of the less commonly used routes for parenteral administration are intra-arterial (into an artery), intracardiac, intraosseous (into a bone), intrathecal or intraspinal (into the spinal canal), intrapleural (into the pleural space), epidural (into the epidural space), and intra-articular (into a joint).
Medication orders Types of medication orders Essential parts of a drug order Systems of measurement 1-the metric system, 2-the apothecaries’ system, and the 3- household system,.
Calculating dosages Several formulas can be used to calculate drug dosages. One formula uses ratios: = Dose on hand = Desired dose Quantity on hand Quantity desired (x)
Then the nurse cross multiplies: 250x=5mlx500mg X=5mlx500mg 250mg X=10ml Therefore, the dose ordered is 10ml,the nurse can also use the formula to calculate dosages:
Practice guidelines Medication dispensing systems Process of administering medications. The rights of medication administration
BermanAudry,SyndeShirleeJ.,KozierBarbara& Erb Clenora. Kozier& Erb Fundamentals of Nursing Concept,Process &Practice.2008,8 th ed.Pearson Prenticeb Hall,New Jersy.ISBN
Good Luck