CLN emission reduction for non-DLE LM gas turbines Agenda 1.Introduction to VBR Turbine Partners 2.Two options to reduce emission levels of non-DLE LM gas turbines 3.Introduction to Cheng Power Systems, OEM of CLN emission reduction 4.CLN emission reduction – what is it? 5.CLN emission reduction – how does it work? 6.CLN emission reduction – LM2500 case study 7.CLN emission reduction – requirements for installation 8.CLN emission reduction – indication of the installation costs 9.Summary and questions

Introduction to VBR Turbine Partners Who are we? European maintenance experts for LM gas turbines and their packages & auxiliaries. Our core expertise: Inspection, maintenance, repair & overhaul of LM1600, LM2500, LM5000 and LM6000 aero-derivative gas turbines and their packages & auxiliaries. Our maintenance solutions: * 24/7 Maintenance agreements * CLN emission reduction for non-DLE gas turbines * Inspection & repair * Engine overhaul & hot section exchange * Control system upgrades & retrofits * Strategic spare parts planning

Two options to reduce emission levels of non-DLE LM gas turbines Operators of non-DLE LM gas turbines who want to reduce the emissions of their engine below current and upcoming legal limits have a choice between 2 options: 1.The GE option: Replace their existing non-DLE LM engine with a new DLE LM engine. 2. The VBR option: Install a CLN emission reduction system on their existing non-DLE LM engine to keep it operating with increased power output, improved efficiency and high reliability below current and upcoming legal emission limits until the end of its (extended?) economical or technical lifetime.

Introduction to Cheng Power Systems, OEM of CLN emission reduction Cheng Power Systems is a company that designs, builds and perfects power generation products that result in a cleaner and more efficient combustion process while improving output and lowering operating & maintenance costs. Cheng Power Systems has developed many patented technologies including the CLN emission reduction system: reducing the NOx and CO emissions of gas turbines up to single digit levels (under 10 ppm) by means of advanced steam injection. CLN emission reduction systems are already operational and successful in the USA on Rolls Royce Allison 501, GE Frame 6B and GE LM2500 gas turbines. Cheng Power Systems is based in Mountain View, California, USA.

CLN emission reduction – what is it? CLN emission reduction is a cost effective and reliable way to keep operating your existing non-DLE LM gas turbine with increased power output and improved efficiency within current and upcoming legal emission limits until the end of its (extended?) economical or technical lifetime.

CLN emission reduction – how does it work? CLN emission reduction works by running an engine on an approx. 100% homogenous gaseous mix of steam and fuel to realize a cleaner, more effective and more efficient combustion process at a lower temperature. This requires a specially designed and patented steam & fuel mixing and control system including an extra length for the engine’s fuel manifold and dedicated CLN fuel nozzles.

CLN emission reduction – LM2500 case study LM2500PEStandardWLEDLE CLN Power output / kW Heat rate / kWh Efficiency / % 38,835,635,4 39,6 NOx level / ppm CO2 per year / tons CO2 reduction / tons (relative to WLE) Source: the article “1.8 : 1 steam to fuel ratio reduces NOx output of LM2500 to 5 ppm” by Victor de Biasi in the May-June 2009 edition of Gas Turbine World. Bottom line: test data verify hat NOx levels are reduced at relatively low steam-to-fuel injection ratio’s independently of load while increasing power and improving efficiency.

CLN emission reduction – requirements for installation The requirements for installation of a CLN emission reduction system are: - A heat recovery steam generator to produce sufficient steam for fuel injection - A properly functioning and well-maintained gas turbine engine & package - A hot section fitted with Chromalloy single crystal parts - An up-to-date control system with calibrated instrumentation

CLN emission reduction – indication of the installation costs Indication of the installation costs of a CLN emission reduction system in €: The CLN emission reduction system: - all necessary new parts ,- - labour costs budgetary Required installation downtime: approx. 1 week. If necessary: Upgrade / retrofit of existing gas turbine control system & instrumentation: - Woodward GTC250 control system + instrumentation & wiring check ,- - labour costs budgetary Required installation downtime: approx. 1 week (Woodward control system only). CLN installation & control system upgrade / retrofit can be performed simultaneously.

Summary and questions CLN emission reduction: - reduces the emissions of NOx, CO and CO 2 below current and upcoming legal limits - increases the power output of non-DLE LM gas turbines - improves the efficiency of non-DLE LM gas turbines - reduces the heat rate of non-DLE LM gas turbines - is a more robust and reliable emission reduction system than DLE - requires less maintenance and less maintenance costs than DLE CLN emission reduction is a cost effective and reliable way to keep operating your existing non-DLE LM gas turbine with increased power output and improved efficiency within current and upcoming legal emission limits until the end of its (extended?) economical or technical lifetime. Questions?

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