The Reformation: Key People Involved By Emily Hagen

What is the Protestant Reformation? The Reformation is the name given to the religious reform movement that divided the western church into Catholic & Protestant groups

Why did the Reformation take place? Corruption in the catholic church encouraged people to want to reform Between 1520, a series of popes (the Renaissance popes) failed to meet the church’s spiritual needs – The popes were often too involved in wordly interests Corruption in the catholic church encouraged people to want to reform Between 1520, a series of popes (the Renaissance popes) failed to meet the church’s spiritual needs – The popes were often too involved in wordly interests

Julius II “Warrior-pope” Personally led armies against his enemies to disgust Christians, who viewed pope as spiritual leader Many high church officials were also concerned with money and used their church offices as opportunities to advance their careers and wealth “Warrior-pope” Personally led armies against his enemies to disgust Christians, who viewed pope as spiritual leader Many high church officials were also concerned with money and used their church offices as opportunities to advance their careers and wealth

Martin Luther monk and a professor at University at Wittenberg where he lectured about the bible he arrived at answer to problem, assurance of salvation believed humans are not saved through their good works but through faith in the promises of god!! was upset by selling of indulgences by 1520 begun to move toward a more definite break with the Catholic Church and established a reformed German Church got excommunicated 95 theses marks beginning of Reformation his movement became a revolution- he gained support of many German rulers Lutheran churches were established monk and a professor at University at Wittenberg where he lectured about the bible he arrived at answer to problem, assurance of salvation believed humans are not saved through their good works but through faith in the promises of god!! was upset by selling of indulgences by 1520 begun to move toward a more definite break with the Catholic Church and established a reformed German Church got excommunicated 95 theses marks beginning of Reformation his movement became a revolution- he gained support of many German rulers Lutheran churches were established

Calvin educated in France but converted to Protestantism and was forced out of Switzerland Made Institutes of the Christian Religion, a synthesis of Protestant throughout that immediately secured his reputation as a leader stood close to Luther, explaining how humans achieved salvation placed importance on sovereignty of god-predestination began working to reform the city of Geneva in 1536 made tightly organized church to employ both clergy and laymen in service- this was successful. – This enabled the city to become a vibrant center of Protestantism – Missionaries trained in Geneva were sent to all parts of Europe – City became center of Protestantism Calvinism established in France, Netherlands, Europe, Scotland Geneva- fortress of Reformation educated in France but converted to Protestantism and was forced out of Switzerland Made Institutes of the Christian Religion, a synthesis of Protestant throughout that immediately secured his reputation as a leader stood close to Luther, explaining how humans achieved salvation placed importance on sovereignty of god-predestination began working to reform the city of Geneva in 1536 made tightly organized church to employ both clergy and laymen in service- this was successful. – This enabled the city to become a vibrant center of Protestantism – Missionaries trained in Geneva were sent to all parts of Europe – City became center of Protestantism Calvinism established in France, Netherlands, Europe, Scotland Geneva- fortress of Reformation

Anabaptists Were radical reformers of the Protestant Reformation Believed true Christian church was a voluntary association of believers who had undergone spiritual rebirth and had then been baptized into the church Advocated adult, not infant baptism Wanted to return to practices & spirit of early Christianity and considered all believers to be equal Believed in COMPLETE SEPERATION OF CHURCH & STATE Refused to hold political office or bear arms because many took their commandment, “Thou shall not kill” literally Protestants and Catholics could agree on the need to persecute Anabaptists Were radical reformers of the Protestant Reformation Believed true Christian church was a voluntary association of believers who had undergone spiritual rebirth and had then been baptized into the church Advocated adult, not infant baptism Wanted to return to practices & spirit of early Christianity and considered all believers to be equal Believed in COMPLETE SEPERATION OF CHURCH & STATE Refused to hold political office or bear arms because many took their commandment, “Thou shall not kill” literally Protestants and Catholics could agree on the need to persecute Anabaptists