Materials & Joints Designing Structures. Things to consider when designing a structure... 1. Function 2. Aesthetics (how it looks) 3. Safety 4. Cost Efficiency.

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Presentation transcript:

Materials & Joints Designing Structures

Things to consider when designing a structure Function 2. Aesthetics (how it looks) 3. Safety 4. Cost Efficiency 5. Materials

Materials

3 Types of Materials Composite Layered Woven or Knit

Composite Materials Made from two or more kinds of material 2 types of forces act on a composite material tension compression Ex: bricks, concrete

Layered Materials Layers of different materials are pressed and glued together Combines properties of different materials Layers are called laminations Ex: windshield, drywall, winter jacket

Woven or Knit Materials Spinning, twisting, looping, or knotting fibers together gives materials strength Ex: steel cables, rope

Choosing Materials Weigh the advantages vs. disadvantages of various materials Factors to consider: Costs (is cheaper always better?) Appearance Environmental Impact Energy Efficiency

Joints

2 Types Mobile Rigid

Mobile Joints Joints that allow movement

Rigid Joints Rigid joints do not allow movement Several Types Fasteners Inter-locking Shapes Ties Glue Melting

Fasteners Rigid joints do not allow movement Lack of movement can be a strength OR a weakness (depending on function) Holes made in structure actually weaken structure Ex: nails, bolts, screws, rivets

Inter-locking Shapes Fits together because of shape Ex: lego, dovetail joint, dental fillings

Ties Fasten things together Ex: thread, string, rope

Adhesives Sticky substances hold things together Ex: hot glue, drying glue, epoxy resin

Melting Pieces of metal or plastic can be melted together Ex: welding, soldering, brazing

Choosing Joints Weigh the advantages vs. disadvantages of various joints Factors to consider: Function Costs