Trashketball: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, & Tsunamis

Question: What is a mountain that forms when molten rock is forced to the Earth’s surface?

Answer: Volcano

Question: What is a gas-driven explosion that propels magma and small fragments of material?

Answer: Explosive

Question: What is the outpouring of lava without significant explosive eruption?

Answer: Effusive

Question: What causes a volcano to have an effusive eruption?

Answer: High Silica Content

Question: How did the “Ring of Fire” get its name?

Answer: Volcanoes in a ring around the Pacific Ocean (Pacific plate boundary)

Question: Identify the following type of volcano:

Answer: Cinder cone

Question: What kind of eruption comes from a cinder cone volcano?

Answer: Explosive

Question: How are cinder cone volcanoes formed?

Answer: explosive fragments and cinders fall and accumulate around the vent of the volcano

What causes a volcano to have an explosive eruption?

Answer: High water content

Question: What is the difference between magma and lava?

Answer: Magma is molten rock inside the earth, lava is erupted magma (outside the earth)

Question: The most dangerous type of eruption is ______________, because these are very hot and travel very fast.

Answer: Pyroclastic Flow

Question: Identify the following type of volcano:

Answer: Shield Volcano

Question: How does a shield volcano form?

Answer: layers upon layers of solidified lava

Question: What kind of eruption does a shield volcano have?

Answer: Effusive

Question: Identify the following type of volcano:

Answer: Composite

Question: How is a composite volcano formed?

Answer: Alternating layers of effusive lava flows and tephra

How does a composite volcano erupt?

Answer: effusive and explosive

Question: What is a shaking of the ground caused by sudden movement of large blocks of rock along the fault?

Answer: Earthquake

Question: Where do most earthquakes occur?

Answer: On plate boundaries

Question: What is a fracture or break in the Earth’s lithosphere where blocks of rock move past each other?

Answer: Fault

What is the most well-known and active fault in the U.S.?

Answer: San Andreas Fault

Question: What is the point underground where the rock first begins to move?

Answer: Focus

Question: What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus?

Answer: Epicenter

Question: What faults are common near boundaries where stress presses rocks together (convergent)?

Answer: Reverse or Thrust Fault

Question: What faults are common near boundaries where tectonic plates are moving apart (divergent)?

Answer: Normal

Question: What faults can occur where plates scrape past each other (transform)?

Answer: Strike Slip fault

Question: What type of fault is the San Andreas Fault?

Answer: Strike Slip Fault

Question: What are vibrations caused by earthquakes?

Answer: Seismic waves

Question: What type of waves move along the Earth’s surface, not through its interior?

Answer: Surface waves

Question: What type of waves are the fastest waves that are the first to reach any particular location after an earthquake?

Answer: Primary Waves

Question: These waves travel at the same time, but at half the speed of Primary waves, therefore these are the second waves to arrive at a particular location after an earthquake:

Answer: Secondary Waves

Question: What is an instrument that constantly records ground movement?

Answer: Seismograph

Question: How does earthquake energy travel?

Answer: outward: up, down, sideways, in all directions!

Question: What are 2 ways volcanoes are constructive?

Answers: Create rich soil expands land

Question: What are 2 ways volcanoes are destructive?

Answers: destroy land, homes, lives creates clouds of ash (breathing problems or environmental issues)

Question: Describe the Lithosphere.

Answer: Includes the crust and part of the upper mantle; this is where the earth’s tectonic plates are.

Question: What type of plate boundary exists when two plates scrape past each other?

Answer: Transform boundary

Question: What type of plate boundary exists when two plates move toward each other?

Answer: Convergent boundary

Question: What type of plate boundary exists when two plates are moving away from each other?

Answer: Divergent boundary

Question: What is subduction?

Answer: One tectonic plate slides beneath another

Question: What is the effect of a transform boundary?

Answer: Earthquake

Question: Mountains and volcanoes are formed at what type of plate boundary?

Answer: Convergent

Question: What is a hot spot?

Answer: An area in earth’s interior where magma rises up in plumes or columns from the mantle

Question: What happens as a result of a divergent boundary?

Answer: Sea floor spreading and rift valleys