Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Current efficiencies of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) at various visible wavelengths. (a) The LED efficiencies are power conversion efficiencies of commercial LEDs at 350 mA/cm2. 8 (b) OLED data are external quantum efficiencies of state-of-the-art phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs. 3–6,9,10 Note that these OLEDs do not use optical outcoupling enhancing techniques and the maximum achievable efficiencies would be higher. The gray dotted curve is the photopic luminosity function (the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths under well-lit conditions). Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Normalized efficiency as a function of current for an organic and inorganic LED. It should be noted that LEDs are point sources, while OLEDs can be scaled to large areas. The LED data were taken from Ref. 11. Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Ilustration of Förster and Dexter energy transfers. 19 Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Schematic of emissive exciton pathways. RISC and RRISC are the rates of intersystem crossing and reverse intersystem crossing, respectively. Fluorescence, phosphorescence, and TADF are defined in the text. Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. (a) Device architecture of simplified OLED using chlorinated indium tin oxide anode and (b) current efficiency of the simplified device and a comparable device using a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) injection layer and α-NPD transport layer. 27 Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. (a) Example of cohost structure 5 and (b) record efficiencies for red, green, and blue cohost device. The plots are generated based on data from Refs. 4, 5, and 9. Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. (a) Device architecture of a red OLED employing intrazone exciton harvesting and (b) efficiency improvement of optimized red OLEDs with and without intrazone exciton harvesting. The inset shows the emission spectra of the two devices. 33 Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. (a) Device architecture of a red OLED employing interzone exciton harvesting and (b) efficiency improvement of optimized red OLEDs with and without interzone exciton harvesting. 34 Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Schematic diagram of energy transfer processes in a two-dopant system. The dopants may be doped in the same region or in adjacent regions of a single host. EHOST, EA, ED, and E0 represent the energy levels of the host, acceptor molecule, donor molecule, and the ground state, respectively. And χA, χD, and ηD−A are as defined for Eq. (5) in the text. 7 Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE

Date of download: 6/20/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. (a) Device configurations and (b) energy level diagrams for WOLEDs W1 to W4. The dopants employed are FIrpic for blue (B), Ir(ppy)2(acac) for green (G), Ir(BT)2(acac) for yellow (Y), and Ir(MDQ)2(acac) for red (R). All doping concentrations are in wt%. (c) A photo of a large area (80 mm×80 mm) WOLED (W3) illuminating at 5000 cd/m2 with a color rendering index of Figure Legend: From: Exciton management for high brightness in organic light-emitting diodes J. Photon. Energy. 2015;5(1): doi: /1.JPE