ATOM + protons = - electrons NET CHARGE is neutral

IONIC BOND A metal transfers valence electron(s) to a nonmetal Result: IONIC COMPOUND

ION + protons not equal to -electrons ION is an atom with a charge

COVALENT BOND Nonmetals share valence electrons Result: COVALENT COMPOUND

Classify Compounds : (1) by bonds (2) by pH (3) by carbon

Metallic Compounds ( a) What type of elements are in it? (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table? (c) How does this bond occur?

Metallic Compounds ( a) What type of elements are in it? metals (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table? (c) How does this bond occur?

Metallic Compounds ( a) What type of elements are in it? metals (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table? (c) How does this bond occur?

Metallic Compounds ( a) What type of elements are in it? metals (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table? LEFT of the metalloids (c) How does this bond occur?

Metallic Compounds (a) What type of elements are in it? metals (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table? LEFT of the metalloids (c) How does this bond occur?

Metallic Compounds (a) What type of elements are in it? metals (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table? LEFT of the metalloids (c) How does this bond occur? Many valence electrons freely flow among many atoms

Metallic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Metallic compounds are a little _________ from the elements that make them up. Called metals or ___________ ____________ electricity and heat Usually can be reshaped: ______________ & _______________

Metallic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Metallic compounds are a little different from the elements that make them up. Called metals or ___________ ____________ electricity and heat Usually can be reshaped: ______________ & _______________

Metallic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Metallic compounds are a little different from the elements that make them up. Called metals or alloys ____________ electricity and heat Usually can be reshaped: ______________ & _______________

Metallic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Metallic compounds are a little different from the elements that make them up. Called metals or alloys Conduct electricity and heat Usually can be reshaped: ______________ & _______________

Metallic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Usually can be reshaped: malleable & ductile

Ionic Compounds (a) What type of elements are in it?

Ionic Compounds (a)What type of elements are in it? Metal and nonmetal

Ionic Compounds (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table?

Ionic Compounds (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table? Metals: on the left; Nonmetals: on the right

Ionic Compounds (c) How does this bond occur?

Ionic Compounds (c) How does this bond occur? The metal transfers valence electrons to the nonmetal.

Ionic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Ionic compounds are ____ from the elements that make them up. Structure: _________ __________ _______, hard crystals Conduct ________ when dissolved in water. ________ melting point Smallest piece is an ___________

Ionic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Ionic compounds are different from the elements that make them up. Structure: _________ __________ _______, hard crystals Conduct ________ when dissolved in water. ________ melting point Smallest piece is an ___________

Ionic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Ionic compounds are ____ from the elements that make them up. Structure: crystal lattice _______, hard crystals Conduct ________ when dissolved in water. ________ melting point Smallest piece is an ___________

Ionic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Ionic compounds are ____ from the elements that make them up. Structure: _________ __________ Brittle, hard crystals Conduct ________ when dissolved in water. ________ melting point Smallest piece is an ___________

Ionic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Ionic compounds are ____ from the elements that make them up. Structure: _________ __________ _______, hard crystals Conduct electricity when dissolved in water. ________ melting point Smallest piece is an ___________

Ionic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Ionic compounds are ____ from the elements that make them up. Structure: _________ __________ _______, hard crystals Conduct ________ when dissolved in water. High melting point Smallest piece is an ___________

Ionic Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Ionic compounds are ____ from the elements that make them up. Structure: _________ __________ _______, hard crystals Conduct ________ when dissolved in water. ________ melting point Smallest piece is an ion

Covalent Compounds (a) What type of elements are in it?

Covalent Compounds (a) What type of elements are in it? Nonmetals bonded with nonmetals

(b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table?

Covalent Compounds (b) Where are these elements on the Periodic Table? Right of the metalloids (zig-zag line)

(c) How does this bond occur?

Covalent Compounds (c) How does this bond occur? Nonmetals share valence electrons.

(d) What properties do these compounds have? Covalent compounds are _____ from the elements that make them up. _______ in the solid state _______ conductors when dissolved in water (except acids). _____ melting point. Smallest piece is a neutral ___________.

Covalent Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Covalent compounds are different from the elements that make them up. _______ in the solid state _______ conductors when dissolved in water (except acids). _____ melting point. Smallest piece is a neutral ___________.

Covalent Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Covalent compounds are different from the elements that make them up. Brittle in the solid state _______ conductors when dissolved in water (except acids). _____ melting point. Smallest piece is a neutral ___________.

Covalent Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Covalent compounds are different from the elements that make them up. Brittle in the solid state Poor conductors when dissolved in water (except acids). _____ melting point. Smallest piece is a neutral ___________.

Covalent Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Covalent compounds are different from the elements that make them up. Brittle in the solid state Poor conductors when dissolved in water (except acids). Low melting point. Smallest piece is a neutral ___________.

Covalent Compounds (d) What properties do these compounds have? Covalent compounds are different from the elements that make them up. Brittle in the solid state Poor conductors when dissolved in water (except acids). Low melting point. Smallest piece is a neutral molecule.

Acid ( a) Acid compounds release _____ (or form H 3 O+, called hydronium ion) when put in water.

Acid ( a) Acid compounds release H+ (or form H 3 O+, called hydronium ion) when put in water.

Acid (b) Chemical Formula has ____ at the beginning.

Acid (b) Chemical Formula has H at the beginning.

Acid (c) Detected with an _____. Ex. Blue litmus turns ___ in an acid.

Acid (c) Detected with an indicator. Ex. Blue litmus turns red in an acid.

Acid (d) Taste: _______

Acid (d) Taste: Sour

Acid (e) Texture: _____________

Acid (e) Texture: Gritty on teeth

Acid (f) Electrolyte (conducts electricity when in water solution)

Acid (g) ______ (destroy body tissue)

Acid (g) Corrosive (destroys body tissue)

Acid (h) May be poisonous

Acid (i)Strength: Few H+ ions produced in solutions: ____ acid with pH close to 7 Many H+ ions produced in solution: ____ acid with a pH closer to zero

Acid (i)Strength: Few H+ ions produced in solutions: Weak acid with pH close to 7 Many H+ ions produced in solution: Strong acid with a pH closer to zero

Base ( a) Acid compounds release _____ (or form H 3 O+, called hydronium ion) when put in water.

Base ( a) Acid compounds release OH- (hydroxide ions) when put in water.

Base (b) Chemical Formula has ____ at the end.

Base (b) Chemical Formula has OH at the end.

Base (c) Detected with an _____. Ex. Red litmus turns ___ in a base.

Base (c) Detected with an indicator. Ex. Red litmus turns blue in a base.

Base (d) Taste: _______

Base (d) Taste: Bitter

Base (e) Texture: _____________

Base (e) Texture: Slippery

Base (f) Electrolyte (conducts electricity when

Base (g) ______ (destroys body tissue)

Base (g) Corrosive (destroys body tissue)

(h) May be poisonous

Base (i)Strength: Few OH- ions produced in solutions: ____ base with pH close to 7 Many OH- ions produced in solution: ____ base with a pH closer to 14

Base (i)Strength: Few OH- ions produced in solutions: Weak base with pH close to 7. Many OH- ions produced in solution: Strong base with a pH closer to 14.

Salt (a) A salt is formed by the ions of an _____ and a ____ when mixed together during a chemical reaction.

Salt (a) A salt is formed by the ions of an acid and a base when mixed together during a chemical reaction.

Salt (b) ______ is also produced during this chemical reaction of the acid & base.

Salt (b) Water is also produced during this chemical reaction of the acid & base.

(c) This reaction is called a _____ reaction: Acid + Base  Salt + Water

Salt (c) This reaction is called a neutralization reaction: Acid + Base  Salt + Water

Salt (d) pH = ____ (neutral products)

Salt (d) pH = 7 (neutral products)

(e) An _______ will tell you if the solution is neutral.

Salt (e) An indicator will tell you if the solution is neutral.

Salt (f) Example: HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O

Classify Compounds by Carbon Content Organic Compounds (a) Compounds that contain ________.

Classify Compounds by Carbon Content Organic Compounds (a) Compounds that contain carbon.

Organic Compounds (b) Organic compounds are held together with _________bonds.

Organic Compounds (b) Organic compounds are held together with covalent bonds.

Organic Compounds (c) Examples: ______, ______

Organic Compounds (c) Examples: C 3 H 8, C 6 H 12 O 6

Organic Compounds (d) _____ % of all compounds are organic.

Organic compounds (d) 90% of all compounds are organic.

Organic Compounds (e) Essential to __; make up many compounds in living things.

Organic Compounds (e) Essential to life; make up many compounds in living things.

Organic Compounds (f) Examples: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Inorganic Compounds (a) Compounds that do not contain ______.

Inorganic Compounds (a) Compounds that do not contain carbon.

Inorganic Compounds (b) Inorganic compound examples: ____, _____

Inorganic Compounds (b) Inorganic compound examples: H 2 O, NaCl

STUDENT STUDY LOG HOMEWORK: Keep a record of the amount of time you study this booklet on the chart on the last page of your booklet. (This represents the least amount of time you should study.) DateAmount of Time Parent Initials 1 / 6 / 09 1 / 7 / 09 1 / 8 / 09

Upcoming Assessments Jan. 9, 2009 QUIZ Jan. 14, 2009 Second Quarter Science Benchmark Test Jan. 16, 2009 UNIT TEST: PS.4 & 5 Bonds, Compounds, Chemical and Physical Changes