Human Body Organs and Functions Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist Dr. Millard Lightburn, Elementary Science Supervisor Department of Mathematics and Science

Big Idea 14: Organization and Development of Living Organizations: SC.5.L.14.1 Identify the organs in the human body and describe their functions, including the skin, brain, heart, lungs, stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas, muscles and skeleton, reproductive organs, kidneys, bladder, and sensory organs. 5E’s Department of Mathematics and Science

Respiratory System Nose/Mouth- Used to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide Trachea- a tube that goes from the back of the throat to the lungs. Allows air to pass into the lungs Lungs- Takes in air and exchanges oxygen with carbon dioxide. Oxygen enters the blood and CO2 is removed Diaphragm- A muscle that pulls down on your ribcage to allow you to draw in air. Department of Mathematics and Science

Nervous System The brain is the main organ of the nervous system. The brain is the control system for your body. The brain uses a special type of tissue called nerves that will send and receive signals from the brain to the rest of the body. Without a connection to the brain the body will not function. Department of Mathematics and Science

Sensory Organs The brain also uses input from other organs when making decisions about how your body should act. These “sensory organs” control your senses and send signals to the brain about the world around you. Which organs control our senses? – Eyes- Sight – Ears- Hearing – Tongue- Taste – Nose- Smell – Skin- Touch Department of Mathematics and Science

Skin What covers my arms, legs, and chin? Skin! What protects each ankle and shin? Skin! What’s layered so it isn’t too thin? Skin! What helps keep my body parts in? Skin! What stretches whenever I grin? Skin! Department of Mathematics and Science

What does our Skin do for us?Skin Protects your other organs and tissues. Helps maintain a stable body temperature. Water and wastes leave your skin in perspirations. Structures such as hair and sensory organs are contained in the skin. What’s special about the skin when compared to all other organs? It’s the largest organ in your body. Department of Mathematics and Science

Sensory Organs Exploration Just below the outer layer of the skin we have sense organs that respond to pressure, pain, and temperature. There are two types of temperature receptors: Hot receptors respond to things hotter than our skin. Cold receptors respond to things colder than our skin. They are clustered together in hot spots and cold spots. While a thermometer can tell us the exact temperature of something. We can only compare the temperature of our skin. Department of Mathematics and Science

Sensory Organs Our body uses our sensory organs to detect a stimulus (a change around you.) Special cells called neurons are used to send signals to and from the brain when a stimulus is detected. Sensory neurons carry messages from the sensory organs to the brain. They tell you what is around you. Motor neurons carry messages to your muscles telling you how to respond to the stimulus.

Penny Drop How your brain processes messages from the sensory organs? Materials: 2 players 1 penny Procedure: One player holds out his or her hand, with the palm facing up. The other player will hold a penny above the 1 st player’s hand and drop the penny. The 1 st player will try to move his/her hand out of the way before penny hits it. Switch roles. Experiment with dropping the penny from different heights. Explain: Was it easier or harder to move your hand away when the penny from a greater height? Why? Elaborate: Let’s watch a video on the Central Nervous System to learn more.Central Nervous System Explore Department of Mathematics and Science

Reproductive Organs *Warning* This is a fifth grade classroom. Any kindergarteners will be dismissed from the room with a detention. Department of Mathematics and Science

Reproduction: Males The male reproductive organ are the testes (testicles) They are responsible for creating sperm cells used in reproduction

Reproduction: Females The female reproductive organ are the ovaries. Ovaries store the eggs used in creating a baby. From the time they are born girls have all the eggs they will ever produce stored in the ovaries.