Nervous Tissue Li DongMei. Central nervous system (CNS) Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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Nervous Tissue Li DongMei

Central nervous system (CNS) Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Composition of nerve tissue Two types of cells Two types of cells ---Components: nerve cell: neuron nerve cell: neuron Glial cell: neuroglial Glial cell: neuroglial---Function: Neurons : receive the stimulation, conduct the nerve impulse Neurons : receive the stimulation, conduct the nerve impulse Glial cell: support, protect and insulate, nourish neurons Glial cell: support, protect and insulate, nourish neurons

1. Neuron

It is the structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue. It is the structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue. Neuron is a cell that transmits nerve impulses Neuron is a cell that transmits nerve impulses 10 billion neurons and more glial cells form human nervous system 10 billion neurons and more glial cells form human nervous system Neuron consists of cell body(soma), dendrite and axon. Neuron consists of cell body(soma), dendrite and axon.

Cell body Dendrite Axon processes

① Cell body of neuron (perikaryon)

①

② Dendrites No Golgi complex, other contents are similar to the cell body. Increase the receptor surface area of a neuron. To receive stimuli from other neurons or from the external environment.

③ Axon A Long Fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body. Each neuron has only one axon. The Axon Ends in a series of small swellings called axon terminals

2. Synapses

Specialized junctions between neurons, between axons and effector cells

Electrical synapses gap junctions Chemical synapses taking neurotransmitter as communicating medium Classification

Chemical synapse

Synaptic transmission Calcium gates open Calcium gates open Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter binds with postsynaptic receptors Neurotransmitter binds with postsynaptic receptors The postsynaptic membrane is excited or inhibited The postsynaptic membrane is excited or inhibited The neurotransmitter is degraded and recycled. The neurotransmitter is degraded and recycled.

3. Glial cell(neuroglia)

Schwann cell envelop the axon end to end to form myelin-sheath in PNS and envelop the axon end to end to form myelin-sheath in PNS and

Satellite cell (capsular cell) Satellite cell (capsular cell) one layer of flattened or cuboidal cell, with round, ovoid and dark N one layer of flattened or cuboidal cell, with round, ovoid and dark N surrounding the Neuron in ganglion surrounding the Neuron in ganglion

4.Nerve fiber and Nerve

Nerve fiber definition: axon enveloped by neuroglial cells classification: according to myelin-sheath myelinated nerve fiber myelinated nerve fiber unmyelinated nerve fiber unmyelinated nerve fiber

myelinated nerve fiber myelinated nerve fiber in CNS ---structure: similar to in PNS myelin-sheath formed by flattened ending of oligodendrocyte’s processes one oligodendrocyte can envelop many axons no incisure and basement membrane

Nerve

5. Nerve Ending

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