The Story of America Native AmericansEuropean ColonistsAfrican Slaves According to...

The Story of America European Colonists According to...

why would these people leave their home in europe to live in “the new world?” land religious freedom economic opportunity new life

Jamestown Given a charter by the King of England to establish a settlement in 1607 Hoped to find gold; had to settle on farming to survive Colony fell apart because of little food and sickness 1/2 of the first 100 settlers died Tobacco was harvested and more people came Jamestown Video

In England everyone was forced to belong to the Church of England In 1620 about 100 Pilgrims set off on the Mayflower to have religious freedom in the New World Settled near Cape Cod, Massachusetts and called their town Plymouth 1/2 of the original settlers died from diseases Native Americans helped them survive by showing them how to plant New World crops Mayflower Video Pilgrims

Massachusetts Bay Puritans sought to purify the Christian religion of Catholic practices. Some were even put in jail for beliefs In 1630 the King released them to go to the New World Within in 6 months nearly 1000 Puritans settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (near Boston) Developed control over the New England region and limited religious freedom and expression in ways similar to the way the Church of England had discriminated against them

13 Original Colonies New England = New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island Middle = New York, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Southern = Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

New England Colonies Land and weather not good for farming Built ships for trade Boston Harbor one of the main ports These boats used in Triangular Trade

Middle Colonies Many different religions; Quakers settled Pennsylvania; were very tolerant of religious differences. They did not believe in formal church structures such as the Church of England. Diverse population; (Dutch, Germans, Swedish, French, Scots-Irish, English) Big Cities (NY, Philadelphia) Distribution center of goods from and to England

Southern Colonies Rural; large plantations land owners held most of the power slaves relied on agriculture (tobacco, rice, corn, cotton)

The Story of America Native Americans According to...

Happily Ever After? Wait a minute... Weren’t there people already living on these lands? What happened to the Native Americans during the time of colonization?

Before the Europeans came to the New World, there were between 840,000 to 1,000,000 native people living there The natives were organized into more than 600 tribal groups; speaking nearly 300 different languages Had their own laws, values, languages, ceremonies, and systems of government More Native Americans died of European disease than any other single cause. Europeans + Native Americans

The environment and private property Native Americans viewed nature to be respected and Europeans tended to see it as simply a source for materials to be used in whatever ways humans deemed fit. Europeans believed that individuals and groups could own land and Native Americans believed lands as being commonly held. Trade Native Americans and Europeans engaged in a vibrant trade. Trade networks emerged all over North America to facilitate the exchange of natural goods and man-made materials. Agricultural knowledge Europeans gained important knowledge about how to harvest indigenous crops from Native Americans. Examples of these early exchanges can be found in the Jamestown colony and the Plymouth colony. Corn was one of the most important crops that the Europeans learned about from Native Americans.

John Winthrop “For the natives, they are near all dead of the smallpox, so the Lord hath cleared our title to what we possess”. In his History of Plymouth Plantation, William Bradford described the destruction by fire of the Pequot's major village, in which at least 300 Indians were burned to death: "Those that escaped from the fire were slain with the sword; some hewed to pieces, others run threw with their swords....It was a fearful sight to see them thus frying in the fier, and the streams of blood quenching the same." The survivors were enslaved and shipped to the Caribbean. Altogether about 800 of 3,500 Pequot were killed during the Pequot War.

King Philip’s War Colonists in Massachusetts engaged in a bloody conflict with Native Americans As settlers began to push further into Wampanoag lands, and with the outbreak of hostilities, tensions increased. Native American tribes such as the Narragansett, Nipmuck, Massachusett, Mohegan, and Pawtucket became involved in the conflict. In the end, over 3,000 Native Americans and 600 colonists died

The Story of America African Slaves According to...

Colonist Problem #2: Getting Workers Indentured Servants English settlers used a system of indentured servitude as a source for labor in the colonies Poor white people who couldn’t afford the journey to America, would promise to work for the colonists in return for their paid passage to America Often these people had to work for up to seven years to pay their debt It is estimated that almost half of the people living in the colonies were indentured servants

The indentured servants, once freed, hoped to earn enough money to own their own property (only about 20% ever were able to do this) The colonies had placed restrictions on available lands, creating unrest among newly freed indentured servants In 1676, working class men burned down Jamestown, making indentured servitude look even less attractive to Virginia leaders Indentured servants could leave without anyone knowing, forcing a need for costly replacements; slaves, especially ones you could identify by skin color, could not move on and become free competitors. Tobacco

SLAVE TRADE From 1619 to 1808 over 1 million African men, women, and children were brought to the United States African tribes sometimes enslaved other Africans (usually prisoners of war) and sold them to slave traders Slave traders captured and kidnapped million Africans The difference were taken to other countries or died in captivity.

SLAVE TRADE Captured Africans were chained together in the hot sun and were forced to march for days to the ship 2 out 5 captives died on the way to the ship from disease, weather, and beatings Those who made it to the ship were put into cages until enough captives were caught (sometimes weeks)

SLAVE TRADE Once on the ship, slaves were crowded into a dark hold on the bottom of the boat Chained to a railing, unable to shift positions, and forced to lay in body waste Once a day, they were forced on deck to exercise Food was usually a handful of beans or rice with yams and a drink of water

SLAVE TRADE Trip took 25 to 35 days Some jumped overboard Some mutinied 1 out of 3 captives died while on the ship

SLAVE TRADE Once in America, slaves were oiled, open sores filled with tar to be ready to sell Buyers pushed and prodded slaves, looking for defects Sold to the highest bidder

Why were Africans brought to America? Labor was needed to clear the forests, tend the plantations and farms. At first the Africans were treated as indentured servants, who would be freed of their obligations to their owners after serving for several years. Over the course of the century, a new race-based slavery system developed, and by the dawn of the new century, the majority of Africans and African Americans were slaves for life

Treatment of Slaves Slaves were an investment and were treated like livestock (animals) Many worked from sunrise to sunset in the heat with few breaks Overseers might use whips and dogs to force them on Owners convinced slaves that they were helpless, by dominating them physically and threatened to use greater force.

1619: A Dutch ship brings the first permanent African settlers to Jamestown. Africans soon are put to work on tobacco plantations. 1663: A Virginia court decides that a child born to a slave mother is also a slave. 1641: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to recognize slavery as a legal institution. 1680: The Royal African company transports 5000 African captives annually. By the 18th century, 45,000 Africans are transported annually on British ships. 1700s: Almost half of the slaves coming to North America arrive in Charleston. Many stay in South Carolina to work on rice plantations. 1705: The General Assembly declares imported servants who were not Christians in their native lands slaves, and all negro, mulatto, and Indian slaves property. 1739: The Stono rebellion breaks out around Charleston; over 20 whites are killed by Jemmy and his band. 1741: Fires break out in New York City, which has the second-largest urban population of blacks. Numerous blacks are accused and executed in a witch-hunt atmosphere. 1750: Georgia is the last of the British North American colonies to legalize slavery. Slavery in the Colonies

The growth of slavery in North America The number of slaves grew from around 4,000 in 1665 to over 20,000 in 1700 In the year 1700 Virginia had 6000 slaves, in 1763 there were 170,000 (half the population)