Warm Up 1. What are four ways a stronger country can dominate a weaker nation under imperialism? 2. What revolution brought about technological advances that allowed European nations to engage in imperialism? 3. What were four economic motives of imperialism? 4. What philosophy used the principle of natural selection to explain the need for stronger countries to dominate weaker ones?

Warm up answers 1.economically, politically, culturally, or militarily. 2. Industrial Revolution 3. Raw materials; Natural resources; Cheap labor supply; New marketplaces for manufactured goods 3. Social Darwinism

The Scramble for Africa King Leopold II of Belgium

The Berlin Conference  1884 – led by Otto von Bismarck  European nations agreed to the following rules regarding Africa:  Area along the Congo would remain in Leopold’s control  No nation could stake a claim without notifying other nations  Territory could not be claimed unless it was occupied

The International African Association Steamboat Stanley on the Congo River Steamboat Stanley on the Congo River

Henry Morton Stanley in 1869 “ Dr. Livingstone, I presume? ” Dr. David Livingstone was a missionary and explorer in Africa Dr. David Livingstone was a missionary and explorer in Africa A journalist, Henry Morton Stanley, was sent to find Livingstone in 1869 A journalist, Henry Morton Stanley, was sent to find Livingstone in 1869 Did not find him until 1871 Did not find him until 1871

European Control of Africa By 1914, only two African nations remained independent By 1914, only two African nations remained independent

Cecil Rhodes British imperialist who made huge profits from Africa ’ s natural resources British imperialist who made huge profits from Africa ’ s natural resources Founder of the state of Rhodesia in Africa Founder of the state of Rhodesia in Africa

“ The Rhodes Colossus ” This cartoon depicts British imperial ambitions to control the entire African continent. This cartoon depicts British imperial ambitions to control the entire African continent.

Direct vs. Indirect Rule European nations chose one of two different paths when it came to colonial rule: Indirect rule: colonies were given a degree of internal autonomy Example: Nigeria Direct rule: the colony was directly administered by the colonizer Example: Senegal

Egypt The Suez Canal in 1875, six years after it opened Shares in the Suez Canal held by France and Egypt Britain bought out Egypt’s interest Egyptian financial crisis 1882 anti-European uprisings British invade and occupy Egypt for the next 72 years

A Closer Look at Imperialism in Africa European quest to control natural resources (copper, rubber, tin, and diamonds) European quest to control natural resources (copper, rubber, tin, and diamonds) Doing so led to drastic changes in the infrastructure of the continent Doing so led to drastic changes in the infrastructure of the continent The port of Zanzibar around 1900

Improvements in Transportation and Communication Europeans built roads, bridges, and railroads Europeans built roads, bridges, and railroads Telegraph lines Telegraph lines The improvements allowed for better exploitation of Africa ’ s resources and better control of territory The improvements allowed for better exploitation of Africa ’ s resources and better control of territory

South Africa The Dutch first arrived on the Cape of Good Hope in the late 17 th century. The Dutch first arrived on the Cape of Good Hope in the late 17 th century. Europeans soon began to settle on the Cape, taking land and forcing the natives out. Europeans soon began to settle on the Cape, taking land and forcing the natives out. Jan van Riebeeck landing on the Cape of Good Hope in 1652

The Great Trek, 1835–1843

In 1867, diamonds were discovered in South Africa; in 1886, gold was discovered. Diamond mining in South Africa Diamonds and Gold

British troops landing on the Cape Dutch and British troops fought for control of the Cape The British prevailed The Boer War, 1899–1902