Civil War By Mr. Harnell

North Advantages/ Disadvantages North Advantage 21 million People; 22 States Industrial Advantage 97% of firearms 96% locomotive 94% of cloth 93% of iron 90% of Shoes More tracks Navy Banks and money European Investments Telegraph Poor Leadership

South 9 million (including 3.5 million slaves) 11 States Army equal in size Could produce all the food it needed Headstart in collecting weapons and material Lots of military colleges in the country Resourceful—melt down church bells Familiar with landscape Fighting for a cause—protect a way of life Great Military Leadership

Lincoln wins in 1860 Abraham Lincoln wins in 1860 Vice President was Andrew Johnson

South Carolina Secedes December 20, 1860: South Carolina becomes the first state to secede

The Map

Fort Sumter: First Shots of the Civil War South Carolina: U.S. Fort April 12, 1861

President of the Confederacy Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis Only President of the Confederate States of America Only President of the Confederate States of America

North’s Strategy “Anaconda Plan” Squeeze the South Blockade: prevent goods or people from entering or leaving by using the Navy

Capture Richmond! Richmond, VA is the Capital of the Confederacy Richmond, VA is the Capital of the Confederacy 109 miles from Washington D.C. to Richmond, VA 109 miles from Washington D.C. to Richmond, VA

July 21, 1861 First Battle of Bull Run: first major battle First Battle of Bull Run: first major battle

The North Meets: Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson- One of the South’s best Generals. He stood firm like a “Stone Wall” Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson- One of the South’s best Generals. He stood firm like a “Stone Wall”

The South Wins! General McDowell Fired and General George B. McClellen is Lincoln’s man in the East General McDowell Fired and General George B. McClellen is Lincoln’s man in the East

McClellan meets Robert E. Lee McClellan had to keep some troops in Washington to defend against the Rebels McClellan had to keep some troops in Washington to defend against the Rebels McClellan is in sight of the Rebel capitol of Richmond McClellan is in sight of the Rebel capitol of Richmond First meets Robert E. Lee, the general of the Virginia Army First meets Robert E. Lee, the general of the Virginia Army

Robert E. Lee Greatest General of the age Greatest General of the age Love for Virginia Love for Virginia No friend of secession or slavery No friend of secession or slavery Married to Martha Washington’s grand-daughter Married to Martha Washington’s grand-daughter Second in his class at west point Second in his class at west point Freed his own slaves and disliked slavery Freed his own slaves and disliked slavery

Lee Defends Richmond June of 1862—Lee takes the offensive June of 1862—Lee takes the offensive For 7 days, Lee rolled back McClellan’s army For 7 days, Lee rolled back McClellan’s army Lee was victorious! Lee was victorious!

McClellan Out, John Pope In Class, Meet John Pope, who is the new General for Lincoln in Washington D.C. Class, Meet John Pope, who is the new General for Lincoln in Washington D.C.

Pope gets trounced Second Battle of Bull Run (August 1862) Second Battle of Bull Run (August 1862) Pope Boasted “he would end the war” Pope Boasted “he would end the war” hurt enlistments; deserters; north was losing hurt enlistments; deserters; north was losing Out Pope--In McClellan Out Pope--In McClellan

Lee at Antietam: Sept 1862 Lee decided to go on the offensive Lee decided to go on the offensive Crosses the Potomac Crosses the Potomac Lee’s orders fall into McClellan’s hands Lee’s orders fall into McClellan’s hands

Lee at Antietam: Sept It was a bloody battle… It was a bloody battle… Both sides claim victory Both sides claim victory European countries were not going to enter the war on the side of the Confederates. European countries were not going to enter the war on the side of the Confederates.

Bloodiest Day: September 17, 1862 Antietam was the bloodiest day of the Civil War in a 24 hour period. Antietam was the bloodiest day of the Civil War in a 24 hour period. 26,134 (12,410 Union and 13,724 Confederate) 26,134 (12,410 Union and 13,724 Confederate)

Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863 Jan. 1, 1863 President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation—Which would free the slaves President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation—Which would free the slaves

Out McClellan, in Burnside McClellan Ambrose Burnside

Burnside’s fight with the Rebels Burnside went into Virginia and did battle with the Confederates (Dec. 1862) Burnside went into Virginia and did battle with the Confederates (Dec. 1862) Confederates are vastly outnumbered Confederates are vastly outnumbered Learned nothing from the others frontal assault Learned nothing from the others frontal assault 10,000 dead (union); 5,000 wounded south 10,000 dead (union); 5,000 wounded south Burnside withdrew Burnside withdrew

Out Burnside, in Hooker Ambrose Burnside Fighting Joe Hooker

General Thomas Hooker…. Joe Hooker, “My plans are perfect, and when I start to carry them out, may God have mercy on General Lee, for I will have none” Joe Hooker, “My plans are perfect, and when I start to carry them out, may God have mercy on General Lee, for I will have none” Hooker is defeated at Chancellorsville, VA Hooker is defeated at Chancellorsville, VA What happened to Stonewall Jackson at Chancellorsville? What happened to Stonewall Jackson at Chancellorsville? He Died….his own man shot him in the arm… He Died….his own man shot him in the arm…

Out Hooker, in Meade Fighting Joe HookerGeorge Meade

Lee Invades Pennsylvania Lee Wants to cut the north in Two Lee Wants to cut the north in Two June of 1863….Lee heads North June of 1863….Lee heads North Lee does battle with George Meade at the Battle of Gettysburg Lee does battle with George Meade at the Battle of Gettysburg

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Bloodiest battle ever waged on the North American continent Bloodiest battle ever waged on the North American continent Lee tried to beat the Union Army….Failed Lee tried to beat the Union Army….Failed Lee retreated, but Meade didn’t pursue the Rebels… Lee retreated, but Meade didn’t pursue the Rebels… Casualties: 51,112 (23,049 Union and 28,063 Confederate) Casualties: 51,112 (23,049 Union and 28,063 Confederate)

Grant’s doing well in the West July 4, 1863, Vicksburg falls to Grant…. July 4, 1863, Vicksburg falls to Grant…. Now the Mississippi river is in control of the Union Now the Mississippi river is in control of the Union

Tennessee occupied by the Union By December 3, 1863, all of Tennessee is occupied by the Union Army By December 3, 1863, all of Tennessee is occupied by the Union Army

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address In November 1863 Lincoln offered his Gettysburg Address In November 1863 Lincoln offered his Gettysburg Address It was to dedicate a cemetery It was to dedicate a cemetery He wrote it on the train to Gettysburg He wrote it on the train to Gettysburg

1964 Lincoln makes some changes Lincoln puts Grant in charge of the Union troops in the East Lincoln puts Grant in charge of the Union troops in the East Lincoln puts William T. Sherman in charge in the west Lincoln puts William T. Sherman in charge in the west

Grant and Lee do battle in ‘64 The meet for 3 days in Virginia—”Battle of the Wilderness” The meet for 3 days in Virginia—”Battle of the Wilderness” Union loses 18,000, while the Rebels lose 10,000 Union loses 18,000, while the Rebels lose 10,000 What does Grant do? What does Grant do? Retreat? Retreat? NOT! NOT!

Grant Presses on towards Richmond U.S. Grant had lost more men than the total number of soldiers in Lee’s army U.S. Grant had lost more men than the total number of soldiers in Lee’s army He’s known as “The Butcher” He’s known as “The Butcher”

Sherman Takes Atlanta Sherman moves from Tennessee to Atlanta to Savannah—His “march to the sea” Sherman moves from Tennessee to Atlanta to Savannah—His “march to the sea” 50 mile path of destruction, looting, burning, pillaging 50 mile path of destruction, looting, burning, pillaging South is mad for decades South is mad for decades

Election of 1864 Abe Lincoln vs. George B. McClellan Abe Lincoln vs. George B. McClellan Abe’s Vice President is Andrew Johnson Abe’s Vice President is Andrew Johnson He’s from Tennessee (only southerner in the Senate) He’s from Tennessee (only southerner in the Senate) News of the fall of Atlanta to Sherman is a death blow to McClellan News of the fall of Atlanta to Sherman is a death blow to McClellan Abe Wins re-election Abe Wins re-election

Clara Barton Clara Barton starts the American Red Cross— Better health care to help wounded soldiers….. Clara Barton starts the American Red Cross— Better health care to help wounded soldiers…..

13 th Amendment Abolished Slavery Abolished Slavery January 31, 1865 January 31, 1865

Lee Surrenders at Appomattox April 9, 1865 April 9, 1865 Lee decides to surrender. Richmond had fallen Lee decides to surrender. Richmond had fallen He surrenders at Appomattox Court House He surrenders at Appomattox Court House Lee Surrenders to Grant Lee Surrenders to Grant

Terms of surrender Grant is generous Grant is generous Allowed to keep their side arms Allowed to keep their side arms Permitted to take home any horses and mules Permitted to take home any horses and mules The south is part of the country again The south is part of the country again

Lincoln is assassinated April 14, 1865—Lincoln is assassinated April 14, 1865—Lincoln is assassinated

Ford’s Theatre The assassination took place at Ford’s Theatre The assassination took place at Ford’s Theatre The play was called “Our American Cousin” The play was called “Our American Cousin”

John Wilkes Booth He assassinated Lincoln He assassinated Lincoln He was an actor He was an actor Very well known and respected Very well known and respected Man hunt for Booth lasts 12 days Man hunt for Booth lasts 12 days

Lincoln’s body returned to Illinois Lincoln’s body is brought back by train to Springfield, Ill. Lincoln’s body is brought back by train to Springfield, Ill. The nation mourned The nation mourned