Steve Howarth ‘After Abolition’ How proud can Britain be of the Royal Navy’s efforts to end the Atlantic Slave Trade in the 19th Century? Steven Howarth TTP 2010

Lesson 1

Slave Trade Abolition in British Empire 1807

Enquiry/Lesson Objectives How proud can Britain be of the Royal Navy’s efforts to end the Atlantic Slave Trade in the 19th Century? How proud can Britain be of the Royal Navy’s efforts to end the Atlantic Slave Trade in the 19th Century? Role of Royal Navy, especially the West Africa Squadron in lesson 1 Role of Royal Navy, especially the West Africa Squadron in lesson 1 Use documents and contextual information to form judgments Use documents and contextual information to form judgments

Starter – How to stop the Slave Trade Version 1

Starter – How to stop the Slave Trade Version 2 Raids Naval patrols Treaty agreements with other countries Blockades Slave surveys/registration Laws Courts Education/persuasion Customs

Starter – How to stop the Slave Trade Raids Naval patrols Treaty agreements with other countries Blockades Slave surveys/registration Laws Courts Education/persuasion Naval patrols Customs

Naval Patrols: The West Africa Squadron The Black Joke Established in 1819 as a branch of the Royal Navy Based on West coast of Africa Purpose: to stop and search vessels suspected of involvement in slave trade Captured slavers were tried in a court in Freetown, Sierra Leone The WAS used a variety of vessels; the Black Joke (above left) was a fast Baltimore Clipper

Source 1 - Case of Henriqueta 1827 Sir Sir I have the satisfaction to report to you for the information of His Royal Highness the Lord High Admiral that His Majesty’s ship under my command captured on the 6 th September last the Brazilian Brig Henriqueta of 257 tons…and having on board 569 slaves, from ….in the Bight of Benin. The Henriqueta has made ….voyages from the coast and has landed at Bahia 3360 slaves in the last two years. I have the satisfaction to report to you for the information of His Royal Highness the Lord High Admiral that His Majesty’s ship under my command captured on the 6 th September last the Brazilian Brig Henriqueta of 257 tons…and having on board 569 slaves, from ….in the Bight of Benin. The Henriqueta has made ….voyages from the coast and has landed at Bahia 3360 slaves in the last two years. Commodore W. Collier captain of HMS Sybille, 12 December 1827 Commodore W. Collier captain of HMS Sybille, 12 December 1827

Source 2 – HMS Black Joke 1830

Source 2 - Questions What evidence is there that the Atlantic slave trade continued? What evidence is there that the Atlantic slave trade continued? Which nations were most involved in the slave trade? Which nations were most involved in the slave trade? What evidence is there that the Black Joke was successful? What evidence is there that the Black Joke was successful? What further questions could be asked to find out about how successful the Black Joke was as a Squadron patrol ship? What further questions could be asked to find out about how successful the Black Joke was as a Squadron patrol ship? Try to fill in gaps in the transcription using the original document Try to fill in gaps in the transcription using the original document

e.g. 2. Blockade and Patrols: The West Africa Squadron The Black Joke Black Joke 1830StrengthsWeaknesses The Black Joke was a former captured slaver, built for speed and relatively successful Initially only a few ships were designated Captured slave ships were often sold and bought by other slave traders

Lesson 2

Lesson 2 Starter - Source 3 River Congo August and September 1875

Source 3 -River Congo 1875

Source 3 River Congo 1875 Study the map Study the map Have a guess what the numbers represent? Have a guess what the numbers represent? How do you think they got from 9 to 10 to 15? How do you think they got from 9 to 10 to 15? What other features are there on this map which you need explained? What other features are there on this map which you need explained? Does this confirm or weaken your guess about what the ‘visits’ are for? Does this confirm or weaken your guess about what the ‘visits’ are for?

Source 3 -River Congo 1875 Villages River Congo British naval vessels Factory = slave holding fort Date visited River inlets

Source 3 River Congo 1875 The trail records movement over a series of days starting on the 31 st August The trail records movement over a series of days starting on the 31 st August Muddy creeks and mangrove swamps = difficult for travel Muddy creeks and mangrove swamps = difficult for travel Flag/George Cross – royal navy ensign + names of a possible 6 ships = naval presence Flag/George Cross – royal navy ensign + names of a possible 6 ships = naval presence Trail visits a town (Anne’Zanze’s) on 3 rd September Trail visits a town (Anne’Zanze’s) on 3 rd September

Source 4 Engagement between her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and King Anizanza for the abolition of the traffic in slaves; for the prevention of human sacrifices; for the encouragement of lawful commerce: for the protection of all white traders, more particularly British and the punishment of all pirates, disturbers of the peace and good order of the River (Congo). Engagement between her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and King Anizanza for the abolition of the traffic in slaves; for the prevention of human sacrifices; for the encouragement of lawful commerce: for the protection of all white traders, more particularly British and the punishment of all pirates, disturbers of the peace and good order of the River (Congo). Lieutenant Henry Chapman Walker commanding Her Britannic Majesty’s ships “Foam” and senior officer in the Congo on the part of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and King Anizanza whose name is hereto subscribed on the part of himself, his heirs and successors have agreed upon the following articles. Lieutenant Henry Chapman Walker commanding Her Britannic Majesty’s ships “Foam” and senior officer in the Congo on the part of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and King Anizanza whose name is hereto subscribed on the part of himself, his heirs and successors have agreed upon the following articles. Agreement made on 19 th April 1876 Agreement made on 19 th April 1876

Source 5 – questioning strategy What’s happening? Why might it be happening? Should they be doing it? What does it suggest about progress in enforcing abolition of slave trade? Who was the intended audience? Would it make a difference to the content?

Discussion Point Is destruction of this type ever justified? Afghanistan 2010 Vietnam 1967

Final Judgment How proud can Britain be of the Royal Navy’s efforts to end the Atlantic Slave Trade in the 19th Century? Things to Proud of Things to Proud of Things to be ashamed of

Making your decision: ‘Washing Line’/’Continuum’ Totally Proud Strongly proud Mainly Proud Totally ashamed Strongly ashamed Mainly ashamed Proud and ashamed in equal amounts Slightly more proud than ashamed Slightly more ashamed than proud

Homework Assignment Design and produce: Design and produce: A. A Power Point Presentation or B. A ‘Movie-Maker’ Presentation