Chapter 10 Discovering Cells
1. All living things are made of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in which the activities of life occur. 3. All cells come from cells that already exist.
Figure 2 page 370 – 371 Hooke’s Microscope (first to see the remains of cells and gave then their name “cells”. Leeuwenhoek’s Microscope revealed through observations that living things move and were smaller than the eye could see. Schleiden (plant cells), Schwann (animal cells), and Virchow (viewed that all cells come from cells) discovered that all living things are made up of cells.
Magnification and Lenses Compound Microscope figure 4 Resolution Electron Microscope Question: How are magnification and resolution different?
1. Smallest Unit of an element 2. An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, a molecule is the smallest part/unit of many compounds. 3. Two or more bonded elements 4. basic unit of living things 5. group of similar cells working together 6. group of different types of tissues working together 7. group of organs working towards a major function 8. Organ systems working together in a living thing 8. Organism 7. Organ System 6. Organs 5. Tissues 4. Cells 3. Compounds 2. Elements/Molecules 1. Atom
Your DNA is an important nucleic acid that carries genetic material about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Cells can either be unicellular (one-celled) or multicellular (multi-celled).
Cells within organisms can be classified into 5 different Kingdoms:Kingdoms animal (multi-celled) plant (multi-celled) fungi (mostly multi-celled) protists (one or more cells) bacteria (one celled)
Cell Membrane: helps control (regulate) what enters and leaves the cell; boundary between the cell and its environment Nucleus: controls most of the cell’s activities Vacuole: stores food, water and minerals; also wastes Cytoplasm: is a gelatin-like substance that contains many chemicals that the cell needs; mostly made of water Mitochondrion: converts food energy into a form that is useable; cellular respiration Chromosomes: inside the nucleus; contain DNA, a chemical that determines which traits an organism will have
Cell Wall: provides support and protection Chloroplast: captures energy from sunlight and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food Chlorophyll: contains the pigmentation that makes plants green and is found within the Cloroplast *Plant cells have a larger vacuole
1. Explain why the nucleus is so important to the living cell. 2. State the purpose of a cell membrane. 3. Suppose you were given a slide of an unknown cell. How would you determine if the cell was from a plant or an animal?
1. Explain why the nucleus is so important to the living cell. 2. State the purpose of a cell membrane. 3. Suppose you were given a slide of an unknown cell. How would you determine if the cell was from a plant or an animal?
1. What is the smallest unit of life in all living things? 2. What object did Robert Hooke first observe cells in? 3. The statement that all cells come from cells that already exist is part of __________. 4. What is the smallest organism on Earth? (example of a unicellular organism)
5. What part of the cell helps control what enters and leaves the cell? 6. Which two structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have? 7. Cytoplasm is made mostly of _________. 8. Where is the hereditary material located in the cell?
9. Where does cellular respiration occur? 10. Plants, algae, and many bacteria make their own food through the process of __________. 11. Chloroplasts capture energy from the __________ to make food. 12. What type of instrument is used to look at cells?
13. If a microscope has a lens with a power of 20X, how many times will it magnify something? (2, 20, 200, 2000) 14. What determines which traits an organism will have? 15. Which of the following does NOT have organelles? (plants, algae, bacteria, fungi) 16. Which of these is similar in function to a vacuole and why? (bakery manager, closet, wall, electrical outlet)