TSDM-5 State and Non-State Actors

Session Objectives Explain the distinction between sovereign states and nations and why an appreciation of those distinctions is relevant to mid-career national security professionals. Understand the range of non-state and quasi-state actors that can affect national security and defense policies. Understand the meaning of globalization and its impact on state power. Understand the current trends reinforcing or weakening state sovereignty. Understand the purpose and types of IGOs and IFOs with which national security professionals interact. Understand how non-state actors exercise some of the prerogatives of sovereign states. 6/21/20162Source: NWC faculty

States and Nations 6/21/20163Source: NWC faculty

Tools for International Interaction Diplomacy Information Economic Military 6/21/20164Source: NWC faculty

Globalization English 6/21/20165Source: NWC faculty

Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) 6/21/20166Source: NWC faculty

United Nations 6/21/20167Source: NWC faculty

6/21/20168Source: NWC faculty

Western Sahara CAR/Chad Sudan Kosovo Cyprus Georgia Lebanon Israel / Syria Afghanistan India / Pakistan Current UN Peacekeeping Operations Haiti Liberia Côte d'IvoireDem Rep Congo Darfur Timor-Leste Burundi Middle East Oct, 2008 * Political or peace-building mission 6/21/20169Source: NWC faculty

UN Budget 2010 UN Budget: $4.9 Billion U.S. pays 22% or $1.08 Billion 6/21/201610Source: NWC faculty

Fiscal 2012 DoD Budget by Title Ref: GREENBOOK ww.dtic.mil (Comptroller) (Discretionary budget authority $ in billions) (Constant 2011 Dollars) FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 $ 513B 528B 549B 553B 571B 586B 598B 611B 146B 162B 159B 118B Compared to U.S. Military Spending 6/21/201611Source: NWC faculty

UNSC Vetoes

WEBER’S STEPCHILDREN The ability of NGOs, Terrorist Groups, and individuals to take on state functions! 6/21/201613Source: NWC faculty

Come gather round people wherever you roam and admit that the waters around you have grown and accept it that soon you'll be drenched to the bone. If your time to you is worth savin‘ then you better start swimming or you'll sink like a stone. For the times they are a changin. Come writers and critics who prophesize with your pen. Keep your eyes open the chance won't come again. Watch what you say for the wheel's still in spin and there ain't no tellin' who that it's naming for the loser now will be later to win. For the times they are a changin. Come senators, congressmen please heed the call don't stand in the doorway don't block up the hall for he who gets hurt will be he who has stalled. The battle outside raging it'll rattle your windows and shake down your walls. For the times they are a changin. Come mothers and fathers throughout the land and don't criticize what you can't understand. Your sons and your daughters are beyond your command. Your old road is rapidly aging get out of the new one if you can't lend your hand. For the times they are a changin. The Time They Are a-Changin’ By Bob Dylan

Former NSA Brent Scowcroft: “the nature of power has been changing … We live in a time when conflict is now much more likely to be waged within states—particularly as a state collapses—or between a state and non-state actors. And the stresses the global system has been subjected to will only increase as larger portions of the developing world—especially Latin America, Africa and the vast interiors of the major Asian powers like China and India—become integrated into the global system.” 6/21/201615Source: NWC faculty

Multinational Corporations (MNCs) 6/21/201616Source: NWC faculty

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) 6/21/201617Source: NWC faculty

Terrorist Organizations 6/21/201618Source: NWC faculty

Hezbollah (Party of God) Terrorists, or legitimate members of the government? 6/21/201619Source: NWC faculty

So What? We will continue to rebalance our military capabilities to excel at counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, stability operations, and meeting increasingly sophisticated security threats, while ensuring our force is ready to address full range of military operations. We are war with a specific network, al-Qaeda, and its terrorist affiliates who support efforts to attack the United States, our allies, and partners. (2010 NSS) The United States remains the world’s preeminent power, even as a growing number of state and non-state actors exhibit consequential influence. The intersection between states, state-sponsored, and non-state adversaries is most dangerous in the area of WMD proliferation and nuclear terrorism. (2011 NMS) CJTF-HOA works with Horn of Africa governments to build local and regional capacity, support professionalization of militaries, and assist other U.S. government agencies in helping partner nations diminish the underlying conditions that extremists seek to exploit. (AFRICOM Posture Statement) Contractors now make up as much as 30% of the armed force in Afghanistan, a just released congressional report shows. In the period roughly tracking President Obama’s first nine months in office, the number of Defense Department armed security contractors soared 236%. (Congressional Report dated Jan 19, 2010)