8.2 Slavery and Abolition  Objectives:  1. Identify some of the key black and white abolitionists  2. Describe the experience of slaves in rural and urban areas  3. Summarize the proslavery debate in the South

Abolitionists Speak Out Many began to speak out in support of abolition Demanded immediate emancipation William Lloyd Garrison Author of the Liberator Demanded emancipation “I am in earnest-I will not equivocate-I will not excuse-I will not retreat a single inch-AND I WILL BE HEARD.” “The man who would not fight…ought to be kept with all his children or family, in slavery or in chains to be butchered by his cruel enemies.” David Walker Urged violent uprising Found dead outside of his printing office

Frederick Douglass ( )  Escaped from slavery in Baltimore  Moved North and began preaching against slavery  Began The North Star “I have been frequently asked how I felt when I found myself in a free state….It was a moment of the highest excitement I ever experienced…. This state of mind, however, very soon subsided; and I was again seized with a feeling of great insecurity and loneliness. I was yet liable to be taken back, and subjected to all the tortures of slavery. This in itself was enough to damp the ardor of my enthusiasm.”

Compare and Contrast GarrisonWalker Douglas

Life of a Slave  Slaves are increasingly valuable  Speak English  Equal amount of men and women  Urban and Rural slave ○ What is the difference?  Slaves are increasingly sold “down the river” from soil-depleted areas. ○ Auctions separate families.  Beatings were common

Map: The Internal Slave Trade, Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Torture Mask, woodcut, 1807 The laws of southern states had long stipulated that masters could use whatever means they deemed necessary to prevent slave runaways and insolence. In the early 1800s, some planters adopted this so-called restraining mask to punish slaves. (Library of Congress) Torture Mask, woodcut, 1807 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST GARRISON F. DOUGLASS DAVID WALKER

Slave Revolts and Resistance Slaves resist through sabotage and slowdowns 1831: Nat Turner leads revolt in Virginia. Turner and 50 followers attack 4 plantations and kill 50 whites. All Revolts are suppressed quickly and violently. Nat Turner, artist unknown No pictures of famed slave revolt leader Nat Turner are known to exist, but this nineteenth-century painting illustrates how one artist imagined the appearance of Turner and his fellow conspirators. White southerners lived in terror of scenes such as this and passed severe laws designed to prevent African Americans from ever having such meetings. (Granger Collection)

COMPARE AND CONTRAST FREE BLACK URBAN SLAVES RURAL SLAVES

Southern Support for Slavery “Cotton is King” – Economy depends on slavery South advances theory that slavery “civilizes” Africans, compares slave’s quality of life to “wage slaves” in the North "I firmly believe," said Governor J. H. Hammond, "that American slavery is not only not a sin, but especially commanded by God through Moses, and approved by Christ through his apostles. “In all social systems there must be a class to do the menial duties, to perform the drudgery of life.... It constitutes the very mudsill of society.” “Design for Mastery” – Drew Gilpin Faust James H. Hammond SC politician and planter

Abolitionism  BEFORE 1820 antislavery societies are more numerous in the antebellum South. Slave revolts end Southern toleration of abolition.  1835 Congress forbids use of mail to send abolitionist material through the mail.  1836 House of Reps passes the “gag rule,” ○ John Quincy Adams defeats this in court after 8 yrs.  South advances theory that slavery “civilizes” Africans, compares slave’s quality of life to “wage slaves” in the North  “In all social systems there must be a class to do the menial duties, to perform the drudgery of life.... It constitutes the very mudsill of society.”  Northern abolitionists begin to call for emancipation – freeing of all slaves – not just banning slavery in the North

TERMS OBJECTIVES  Objectives:  1. Identify some of the key black and white abolitionists  2. Describe the experience of slaves in rural and urban areas  3. summarize the proslavery debate in the South TERMS Abolition William Lloyd Garrison Emancipation David Walker Frederick Douglass Nat Turner Antebellum Gag Rule