System Gyfeirnodi Harvard Harvard Referencing System

Beth ydy system gyfeirnodi Havard? What is the Harvard Referencing system?  System o gyfeirio at waith yng nghanol darn testun  Defnyddio ‘baner’ e.e. (Smith, 1989)  System awdur - dyddiad  Mae Grwp Llandrillo Menai yn defnyddio fersiwn Anglia Rusin Uniuversity  A system for citing works within the body of a text  Uses a ‘flag’ e.g. (Smith, 1989)  Author-date system  Grŵp Llandrillo Menai uses Anglia Ruskin University ‘version’

Pam Cyfeirnodi? Why reference?  Osgoi llên-ladrad Cyfeirnodwch pob syniad neu farn sydd ddim yn eiddo i chi. Cyfeirnodwch ffeithiau e.e. data/ystadegau Does dim angen cyfeirnodi gwybodaeth ‘sydd yn cael ei dderbyn’  Avoid plagiarism Reference everything which is not your own idea or opinion Reference factual information eg data/statistics You do not need to reference ‘accepted’ information

Cyfeirio at awdur Referring to an author  Gwaith awdur yn gyffredinol: Mae’r farn draddodiadol (Smith, 1989) wedi colli ei le i ddull mwy modern (Johnson, 2005) o Syniadau penodol (does dim angen rhif tudalen am ffynonellau ar y we): Mae hyn wedi ei wrthbrofi bellach (Everitt, 2006, p.6) Yr astudiaeth orau (Vaughan, 2001, pp ) …  An author’s work in general: The traditional position (Smith, 1989) has now been surpassed by a more modern approach (Johnson, 2005)  Specific ideas (for web sources no page number is needed): This has now been disproved (Everitt, 2006, p. 6) The best study (Vaughan, 2001, pp ) …

Cyfeirio at awdur Referring to an author  Dau, dri neu bedwar awdur: Mae cryn ddadlau (Smith, Robinson a Jones, 1982, pp.70-79) … o Mwy na phedwar awdur: Mae rhai sylwebwyr (Stephenson et al.,1987, pp ) wedi dadlau …..  Two, three or four authors: It has been argued (Smith, Robinson and Jones, 1982, pp ) …  More than four authors: Some commentators (Stephenson et al., 1987, pp ) have argued that …

Cyfeirio at awdur Referring to an author  Awdur mwy nag un darn o waith mewn blwyddyn: Ystyrir y farn hon yn hen ffasiwn erbyn hyn (Wise, 2006b, pp.50-56) … o Cyfeirio at mwy nag un darn o waith: Mae eraill (Enfield, 1996, pp.42-48; Whitehouse, 1994, pp ) yn croesddweud y farn hon …  Author of more than one work in a year: This view is now seen as outdated (Wise, 2006b, pp )…  Referring to more than one work: Others (Enfield, 1996, pp ; Whitehouse, 1994, pp ) contradict this viewpoint …

Cyfeirio at awdur Referring to an author  Cyfeiriadau ail-law (eilaidd): Ymchwil a gynhaliwyd yn ddiweddar (cyfeiriwyd at Jones, 2001 yn Davies, 2006 pp.67) o Crybwyll awdur mewn testun: Mae Morcombe (1998, pp.76-70) yn dangos y dull hwn …  Second Hand (secondary) References: Research recently carried out (Jones, 2001 cited in Davies, 2006, pp. 67-8) …  Author mentioned in text: Morecombe (1998, pp ) illustrates this approach …

Cyfeirio at awdur Referring to an author Pan nad oes dyddiad: Defnyddiwch n.d (no date) e.e. Smith, n.d) Efallai gwelwch chi: Y talfyriad c am circa (tua) e.e. (Jones, c2000) Dydy hyn ddim yn rhan swyddogol o fersiwn Anglia Ruskin. When there is no date: use n.d. (no date) e.g. Smith, n.d.). You may also see: the abbreviation c for circa (about) e.g. (Jones, c2000). This NOT officially part of the Anglia Ruskin version.

Cyfeirio at awdur Referring to an author  Awdur Corfforaethol: e.e. (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2008, pp ) o Cyhoeddiadau Swyddogol: e.e. (HM Treasury, 2007, pp )  Corporate author: eg (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2008, pp )  Official Publications: eg (HM Treasury, 2007, pp )

Cyfeirio at awdur Referring to an author o Pan nad oes Awdur defnyddiwch Anon.: e.e. (Anon.,2005,pp.30-32)  When there is no author use Anon.: eg (Anon., 2005, pp )

Ffynonellau Darluniadol Pictorial sources Mae hyn yn cynnwys delweddau, ffotograffau, tablau, diagramau a gweithiau celf o Dylid cyfeirio at y rhain fel gyda gwaith ysgrifenedig (nodi unrhyw newidiadau rydych chi wedi eu gwneud) This includes images, photographs,tables, diagrams and works of art  Cited as per written works (noting any changes you have made)

Ffynonellau Darluniadol Pictorial sources  Gweithiau Celf Mae hyn yn cynnwys llenyddiaeth, ffilmiau, dramau ayb yn ogystal â lluniau, cerfluniau ayb Nid oes rhaid nodi blwyddyn wrth gyfeirio at y rhain mewn testun e.e. Orwell in Animal Farm describes… Does gan ffilmiau ddim awdur e.e. Citizen Kane is a classic example of … Mae angen cynnwys mesuriadau llun (hyd a lled)  Works of art This includes literature, films, plays etc as well as paintings, sculptures etc References to these in the text do not require the year eg Orwell in Animal Farm describes… Films have no author eg Citizen Kane is a classic example of … For paintings you also need to include the dimensions (height & width)

Dyfyniadau Quotations o Dyfyniadau byr: Gallwch gynnwys dyfyniadau o hyd at dwy linell yng nghorff eich testun a rhaid dangos hynny drwy ddefnyddio dyfynodau dwbl (“) bob ochr i’r testun e.e. Gellir diffinio llên-ladrad weithiau fel “passing off someone else’s work, whether intentionally or unintentionally, as your own for your own benefit” (Caroll, 2002, p. 9).  Short quotations: Quotations of up to two lines can be included in the body of your text and are shown by using double quotation marks (“) around the text e.g. Plagiarism can be defined as “passing off someone else’s work, whether intentionally or unintentionally, as your own for your own benefit” (Caroll, 2002, p. 9).

Dyfyniadau Quotations  Dyfyniadau hir: Dylai’r rhain cael eu mewnosod ac mewn paragraff newydd – bydd angen dyfynodau dwbl arnynt. Dyfyniadau o fewn dyfynodau Mae angen dyfynodau dwbl hefyd ar ddyfyniadau o fewn dyfyniadau  Long quotations: Should be indented and in a new paragraph – they still need double quotation marks  Quotations within quotations: Quotations within quotations also need to be in double quotation marks

Cyfieithiadau Translations  Gadewch yn yr iaith wreiddiol os ydy hi’n debygol y bydd y darllenwr yn deall yr iaith  Dylai cyfieithiadau gynnwys cyfeiriad at y cyfieithydd (hyd yn oed os mai chi ydy hwnna)  Trawslythrennu – mae rheolau ar gael ar gyfer trosi testun sydd ddim yn defnyddio’r wyddor Rufeinig e.e. Tsieineeg, Rwsieg ayb  Leave in original language if the reader is assumed to have knowledge of that language  Translations should include the translator in the citation (even if that person is you)  Transliteration – there are rules for converting text not using the Roman alphabet eg Chinese, Russian etc

Cyfeiriadau a llyfryddiaeth References and bibliographies o Cyfeirniadau Rhestr ffynonellau ddyfynnwyd yn y testun o Llyfryddiaeth Rhestr ffynonellau y cyfeirwyd atynt o Grwpiau Yn ôl ffynhonell (cyntaf, eilaidd) Yn ôl math e.e cylchgronnau, llyfrau, gwefannau Un rhestr fesul awdur  References List of sources cited in the text  Bibliography List of sources consulted but not cited  Groupings By source eg primary, secondary By type eg journals, books, websites One list by author

Cyfeirio at lyfr/monograff Reference a book/monograph Person/Person Buckley Owen, T., 2003b. Success at the Enquiry Desk: Successful Enquiry Answering – Every Time. 4th ed. London: Facet. Awdur Corfforaethol /Corporate author British Broadcasting Corporation, Satisfying the viewer. London: BBC.

Cyfeirio at erthygl Reference an article Mewn llyfr/In a book Martin, A., Towards E-literacy. In: A. Martin and H. Rader, eds Information and IT Literacy: Enabling Learning in the 21 st Century. London: Facet, pp Mewn cylchgrawn/ In a journal Spikes, J.D., The Jacobean History Play and the Myth of the Elect Nation. Renaissance Drama, 8, pp Mewn papur newydd/ In a newspaper Raphael, F., France’s Final Solution. Sunday Times, 19 Feb. pp

Cyfeirio at waith ysgrifenedig arall Reference other written works Traethawd/Traethodau estynedig/ Theses/Dissertations Ingram, R., Historical Drama in Great Britain from 1935 to the Present. Ph. D. University of Manchester. Cyhoeddiadau Swyddogl/ Official Publications HM Treasury, Prosperity for All in the Global Economy: World Class Skills. London: HMSO Gwaith heb ei gyhoeddi/ Unpublished works Kregel, J.A., Factors in Business Investment. Unpublished conference paper presented at the New Business Technologies conference, Berlin.

Cyfeirio at ffynonellau electronig Reference electronic sources Ar y We/Internet Gydag Awdur/ With author: Aldrich, C., Learning Portals and the E-learning Hype Cycle. [online] Available on: [Accessed 17 October 2005]. Heb awdur/ Without author : Anon., Library web 2.0 quest. [online] Available on: [Accessed 11 June 2008].

Cyfeirio at ffynonellau electronig Reference electronic sources E-byst/Trafodaethau arlein/ s/Online Discussion Cynnwys enw’r awdur neu gyfeiriad e-bost (os yn bosib), pennawd y pwnc/trafodaeth, enwau’r derbyniwr(wyr), dyddiad anfonwyd/postiwyd, cyfeiriad gwe a’r dyddiad y darllenwyd Include the author’s name or e- mail address (where known), the subject/discussion heading, the name of the recipient(s), the date sent/posted, the web address and the date accessed Jones, J., Mobile phone developments. [e- bost] Message to R.G. Schmidt sent Monday 7 June 2005, 08:13. Available at: [Accessed 7 July

Cyfeirio at gerddoriaeth neu ffilmiau Reference music or films Cerddoriaeth /Music Clash, London Calling, CBS. Shostakovich, D., Symphony No. 2, Wiener Philharmoniker, Cond. Giulini, C.M., Naxos. Ffilm/ Film The Grapes of Wrath, [Film] Directed by John Ford. USA: 20 th Century Fox. Rhaglen deledu/ Television broadcast Little Britain, [TV programme] BBC, BBC2, 30 January