Chapter 24.5 China and the New Imperialism
Focus Q: April 1 What are you going to be when you grow up? Where will you get the training? What skills/abilities do you possess? Why will you be successful? What are things that might limit your success? What do you need to overcome?
On a somewhat different topic….. **Europeans became more interested in Iran b/c of the discovery of ____ in the region.** OIL …….black gold……Texas Tea
Trade Btwn Britain and China 1.For a long time, China strictly limited foreign traders to a small area in southern China 2.Europeans got silk, porcelain, and tea in exchange for gold and silver (remember the quality issue?)
trade open for part of the year Then foreigners must leave
Trade Btwn Britain and China 2 things happen to change this 1 st —China begins to decline 2 nd —Industrial Revolution Created a need for markets to sell European goods and gave the West a military advantage
The Opium War 1.In the late 1700s, BR merchants were making huge profits trading opium (from India) to China for tea. 2.Many Chinese became addicted and much silver left the country in pymt 3.China outlaws opium, executes Chinese dealers 4.China asks BR to stop importing opium 5.BR refuses: have the right to free trade
Source of Opium: poppies
Poppy drugs: Opium Codeine Morphine Heroin
The Opium War **Opium War: 1839 war btwn BR and China about free trade, which included opium** 1.BR warships bombard Chinese port cities and easily defeat China.
Other remnants of the “Old Imperialism” First Opium War ( ) Britain occupied several coastal cities and forced China to surrender- Br. used mil. force in defense of “free trade” – Treaty of Nanking (1842) : Forced China to cede Hong Kong to Britain forever, pay large indemnity and open up 4 large cities to foreign trade with low tariffs.
Second Opium War ( ) – China forced to accept trade and investment on unfavorable terms for the foreseeable future. – Extraterritoriality subjected Westerners to their home country’s laws rather than China’s. Opium Den
British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India Selling Patna Opium in China
painkiller, sleeping pill, or tranquilizer
Contains laudanum (opium)
Opium Party 1918
Unequal Treaties (remember NA’s?) BR forced China to accept Treaty of Nanjing 2.**BR got island of Hong Kong** 3.BR got $ for losses in the war 4.China had to open 5 ports to foreign trade 5.BR citizens had right to live by their own laws and be tried in BR courts
Spheres of Influence 1.Japan defeats China in Sino-Japanese War (1894), revealing China’s weakness 2.European powers move in to carve out spheres of influence in China BR, FR, GER, Russia 3.The US, longtime trading partner w/ China, does not take part in this, yet
Spheres of Influence 1.US fears Europeans will shut out American merchants 2.Letters to other govts 3.**1899 Open Door Policy—want to protect US trading rights in China**--keep Chinese trade open for all countries 4.creates an “open door” for trading 5.Keep China independent
Our “Sphere of Influence”
The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.
Who’s missing?
The Open Door Policy
The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 The Peaceful Harmonious Fists. “55 Days at Peking.”
Any thoughts on this piece of propaganda? Pres. McKinley
Boxer Rebellion —The Righteous Harmonious Fists 2.**Chinese attempt to get rid of foreign influence in their country** 3.kill missionaries, foreigners, Chinese Christians
Boxer Rebellion Aug. 1900—troops from Br-Fr-Ger-Japan and 2500 US—end the 2 month rebellion 1000s of Chinese die US awarded $24.5 M in damages
24.5 creative side 1.Draw pictures w/ captions to represent the following: Sphere of influence Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion