Basic Electrical Systems Theory and Repair Chapter 29 Page 387

So, Where is Electronics in a Car Everywhere Antilock brakes, engines, emissions, dash, fuels system, transmissions, tires, suspension, windows, safety systems, lighting. Antilock brakes, engines, emissions, dash, fuels system, transmissions, tires, suspension, windows, safety systems, lighting. ----Well, I could go on and on and on. ----Well, I could go on and on and on.

What is electricity XpbY XpbY

Atoms Negative Positive

Conductors and Insulators OaxQ OaxQ

Conductors Conductors A good conductor must not have more than four electrons in the outer valence ring of an atom. Copper is one of the best conductors; along with aluminum and gold, conductors have one electron in the outer valence ring.

Insulators Insulators A good insulator must have more than four electrons in the outer valence ring of an atom. Rubber, glass, and porcelain are the best insulators with many electrons in the outer valence ring.

Electrical Flow pkpc pkpc

Electron Movement This is what we are taught! Positive to Negative This is the way it really is! Negative to Positive

Wiring is coated with PVC, a flexible plastic to insulate the copper wiring. Color Chart

Circuit Requirements = A full circle is provided Source (Battery) 12 v Complete path Load (light) + _ Switch Source – Battery or voltage supply Load – Electrical components, lights, radio, etc. Complete path for electron flow – Wires and connections

Circuit Devices Controls Devices Controls Devices Protection Devices Fuses and Circuit Breakers Protect form Overloads Switches for on and off

Fuses and Circuit Breakers URB4 URB4

Other Symbols

Electrical Terms Voltage- Also called Electromotive Force, Pressure of electricity or the amount of force it takes to move electrons. Measured in volts. Voltage- Also called Electromotive Force, Pressure of electricity or the amount of force it takes to move electrons. Measured in volts. Current- The movement or flow of electrons, measured in amperes or amps for short. Current- The movement or flow of electrons, measured in amperes or amps for short. Resistance- Resistance-Anything that impedes or slows the flow of electrons. Measured in ohms.

More Electrical Terms AC – Alternating Current (shop lights and equipment) AC – Alternating Current (shop lights and equipment) DC – Direct Current (Auto battery and most systems) DC – Direct Current (Auto battery and most systems) Auto voltage used is normally between 12 and 15 volts Auto voltage used is normally between 12 and 15 volts

Circuit Types Series Parallel Combination

Series Circuit h3c h3c

Series Circuits Series circuits provide only one path for electron flow through a circuit. When one component fails, the remaining components quit working. Light 12 v Light

Parallel Circuit DuWOE DuWOE

Parallel Circuits Parallel circuits provide two or more paths for electron flow through a circuit. When one component fails, the remaining components are not affected. 12 v Lights

Combination The simplest type is to use a switch in the first part of the circuit (series) and the rest of the circuit is wired in parallel. The simplest type is to use a switch in the first part of the circuit (series) and the rest of the circuit is wired in parallel. 12 v Lights

Ohm’s Law Greg Simon Ohm (1787 – 1854) Ohm’s Law: It takes one volt to push one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance. *Look at page 394 for more.

Ohm’s Law E I R E = Voltage (Electromotive Force) I = Current (Intensity) R = Resistance (Ohms) E = IR I = E/R R = E\I

Ohm’s Law E I R E = IR I = E / R R = E \ I 4 ohms 3 amps 12 volts E = IR 12 = 3 X 4 I = E / R 3 = 12 / 4 R = E / I 4 = 12 / 3

Magnetism Laws of magnetism: 1. Like poles repel each other. 2. Unlike poles attract each other. 3. The attractive force increases as the distance between the magnets decreases. NSNS NSSN

Magnetic Fields

Magnetism Magnetic Field- Occurs when a current is flowing through a conductor. Electromagnets- Artificially creating a magnetic field. A coil of wire with a voltage applied.

Electromagnets M Solenoid or Relay Starter Switch Battery

Electromagnets

Resistors VI0E VI0E

A Few More Terms Semiconductors- Can act as both insulator and conductor. Semiconductors- Can act as both insulator and conductor. Diode- an electronic one way check valve, it allows flow one way but doesn’t allow it to reverse the other way. Diode- an electronic one way check valve, it allows flow one way but doesn’t allow it to reverse the other way. Transistor- electronic relay. Its very fast, and no moving parts. Transistor- electronic relay. Its very fast, and no moving parts.

Basic Tests Meters Meters Analog and Digital Analog and Digital Digital Volt-ohm Meter (DVOM) or Digital Multimeter (DMM)

Voltage Testing OGAk OGAk

Voltage Check

Testing Voltage After Switch Open = wire broke or fried wire

Circuit Test = 12 v 2 = 12v 3 = 12v 3

Continuity Testing DZaHg DZaHg

Ohmmeter Test

Diode Check Diode is a one way street only. Reversing the multimeter leads will tell us if the voltage is allows one way and is stopped the opposite way. If it doesn’t do this toss the diode..000 one way and 1. the other.

Testing Device with Ohmmeter with Power Removed Continuity Should be.000 if Good Infinity Should be 1. if Bad

Testing Amps Need to change red probe lead to Amp on meter

Test Light 2uEo 2uEo

Test Light

Using a Jumper Wire Bypassing Ground

Bypass a Switch with Jumper Wires

Circuit Defects Open Incomplete or broken circuit. The circuits quits working. Short Two wires unintentionally connecting with each other. Could cause more than one component to operate.

Circuit Defects Ground When a positive and negative wire contact each other. Could cause sparking and extreme heat due to high current flow. Very low resistance blows fuses, circuit breakers, or fusible links.

Circuit Defects Open Circuits

Circuit Defects Short Circuits

Circuit Defects Ground Circuits

Your Job.